The Cray BlackWidow

Abts, Dennis; Bataineh, Abdulla; Scott, Steve; Faanes, Greg; Schwarzmeier, Jim; Lundberg, Eric; Johnson, Tim; Bye, Mike; Schwoerer, Gerald

doi:10.1145/1362622.1362646

Cited by 48 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As the number of global cables in a network is diminished, while in the same time their lengths are expanded, the DF topology is especially appropriate for implementation using emerging active optical cables which have a high fixed cost but a low cost per unit length compared to electrical cables. As the high-radix routers become accessible, the modified highradix folded-Clos topology [28] used in the Cray BlackWidow [27] network exploits this accessibility to reduce the network diameter, but this requires each packet to cross various global and expensive channels. The main feature of the proposed DF topology is that it requires only one global channel to be traversed with the use of minimal routing, and hence the cost is reduced contrasted with that of the folded Clos network (FT).…”

Section: Localitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dragonfly addressing model for software defined networks based on datacenters

Hassan

Al-Awamry

Abdelhalim

2018

IJET

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With the advancement of technology, virtualization has become very important for Information Technology (IT) experts. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) means to address issues resulting from complex hardware-based appliances by developing standard IT virtualization technologies. Software Defined Networking (SDN) solidifies the advantages of datacenter virtualization, increases resource flexibility and utilization, and reduces infrastructure costs and overhead. Datacenter networks should have the ability to guarantee high throughput and resiliency. For such reasons, typical datacenter networks (e.g. Fat Tree) have been evolved to high-radix networks (e.g. Dragonfly). This work aims to investigate how SDN and NFV can improve the advantages of datacenter virtualization by utilizing datacenter topologies such as Dragonfly (DF) topology and Fat Tree (FT) topology in SDN, thus expanding resource flexibility and utilization and diminishing infrastructure costs and overhead. By using Dragonfly topology, the cost is reduced and better scalability is introduced compared to the folded clos networks such as Fat Tree. Here in, a novel addressing scheme is proposed for Dragonfly topology with simulation results included utilizing Mininet, which incorporates MiniEdit that is used to create and run network simulations.

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Section: Localitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dragonfly addressing model for software defined networks based on datacenters

Hassan

Al-Awamry

Abdelhalim

2018

IJET

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“…As a result, there is no need for performance isolation from competing applications. Quality of Service (QoS) provides both performance isolation and differentiated service for applications 2 . Cloud computing often has a varied workloads requiring multiple applications to share resources.…”

Section: Quality Of Service (Qos) Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As radix increases, the router microarchitecture can be designed where t cy remains constant and P increases logarithmically. The number of pipeline stages P can be further broken down into a component that is independent of the radix X and a component which is dependent on the radix Y log 2 k. 2 Thus, router delay (t r ) can be rewritten as…”

Section: Pin Bandwidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cray BlackWidow vector multiprocessor system [2], described in detail in Chapter 8, is one of the first systems to implement a high-radix network and YARC is the high-radix (radix-64) router used in the network that is based on the hierarchical organization described earlier in this chapter. The details of the YARC router can be found in [56], but in this section, we highlight some of the key differences between the YARC implementation and the hierarchical crossbar organization described earlier in Section 6.4.…”

Section: Cray Yarc Routermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uniform traffic is assumed and 2log k N hops are required for a non-blocking network 2. For example, routing pipeline stage is often independent of the radix while the switch allocation is dependent on the radix 3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-Chip Networks

Jerger¹,

Peh²

2009

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Datacenter networks provide the communication substrate for large parallel computer systems that form the ecosystem for high performance computing (HPC) systems and modern Internet applications. The design of new datacenter networks is motivated by an array of applications ranging from communication intensive climatology, complex material simulations and molecular dynamics to such Internet applications as Web search, language translation, collaborative Internet applications, streaming video and voice-over-IP. For both Supercomputing and Cloud Computing the network enables distributed applications to communicate and interoperate in an orchestrated and efficient way. This book describes the design and engineering tradeoffs of datacenter networks. It describes interconnection networks from topology and network architecture to routing algorithms, and presents opportunities for taking advantage of the emerging technology trends that are influencing router microarchitecture. With the emergence of "many-core" processor chips, it is evident that we will also need "many-port" routing chips to provide a bandwidth-rich network to avoid the performance limiting effects of Amdahl's Law. We provide an overview of conventional topologies and their routing algorithms and show how technology, signaling rates and cost-effective optics are motivating new network topologies that scale up to millions of hosts.The book also provides detailed case studies of two high performance parallel computer systems and their networks.

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Cray XT4 and Seastar 3-D Torus Interconnect

Abts

2011

Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing

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The Cray BlackWidow

Cited by 48 publications

References 11 publications

Dragonfly addressing model for software defined networks based on datacenters

Dragonfly addressing model for software defined networks based on datacenters

On-Chip Networks

Cray XT4 and Seastar 3-D Torus Interconnect

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