The cuprex metal extraction process: Recovering copper from sulfide ores

Dalton, Raymond F.; Díaz, Gustavo Calero; Price, R. M.; Zunkel, A.

doi:10.1007/bf03221105

Cited by 54 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…(7)] has been suggested for the CUPREX process and has the advantage of generating elemental sulfur as a by product of metal recovery rather than sulfuric acid. [2,38] 2 FeCl 2 þ Cl 2 ! 2 FeCl 3 ð6Þ…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion Selectivity in Zwitterionic Amide‐Functionalised Metal Salt Extractants

Galbraith

Wang

et al. 2007

Chemistry A European J

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Amide-functionalised salen ligands capable of extracting metal salts have been synthesised and characterised. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of complexes of NiSO4, [Ni(L)(SO4)], confirm that the ionophores are in a zwitterionic form with Ni(II) bound in the deprotonated salen moiety and the SO4(2-) ion associated with protonated pendant N'-amidopiperazine groups. Treatment of [Ni(L)(SO4)] with base removes the protons from the pendant amido-amine group resulting in loss of the SO4(2-) ion and formation of metal-only complexes of type [Ni(L-2H)], which have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Three of the ligands with solubilities suitable for solvent extraction studies show loading and stripping pH-profiles that are suitable for the recovery of CuSO4 or CuCl2 from industrial leach solutions. The copper-only complexes, [Cu(L-2H)], are selective for Cl- over SO4(2-) in both solvent extraction and bulk liquid membrane transport experiments and were found to bind Cl- in two steps via the formation of a 1:1:1 [Cu(L-H)Cl] assembly, followed by a 1:1:2 [Cu(L)Cl2] assembly as the pH of the aqueous phase is lowered. The anion transport selectivity was evaluated for a number of other mono-charged anions and interestingly the ligands were found to display a preference for the Br- ion. To probe the influence of the Hofmeister bias on the selectivity of anion complexation, single-phase potentiometric titration experiments were employed to investigate the binding of SO4(2-) and Cl- by one of the copper only complexes, [Cu(L-2H)] in 95 %/5 % MeOH/water. Under these conditions selectivity was reversed (SO4(2-)>Cl-) confirming that the Hofmeister bias, which reflects the relative hydration energies of the anions, dominates the selectivity of anion extraction from aqueous media into CHCl3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion Selectivity in Zwitterionic Amide‐Functionalised Metal Salt Extractants

Galbraith

Wang

et al. 2007

Chemistry A European J

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“…Pyridine carbonates and carboxamides have been proposed by ICI [9][10][11] for copper extraction from chloride solutions, and the CUPREX Metal Extraction Process has been successfully used in a pilot plant for sulfidic copper ore concentrate processing. The commercial extractant Acorga CLX 50 has been used.…”

Section: 8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium(II) Extraction and Extractant Adsorption at a Liquid/Liquid Interface

Wiśniewski

Szymanowski

1998

ANAL. SCI.

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Extraction has become a modern technique used to recover and separate noble metals, including palladium(II). Several reagents have been proposed, including hydroxyoximes, alkyl derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline, hydrophobic amines and esters of pyridine carboxylic acids. Some of them are used in industry. Usually, dihexyl sulfide or dioctyl sulfide are used. However, the extraction occurs very slowly, which is caused by the nature of hydrophobic extractant and symmetrical palladium chlorocomplex. The drawback can be overcome by the addition of thiocyanide ions, which disturb the symmetry of palladium(II) chlorocomplex 1,2 , the use of asymmetric dialkyl sulfides and/or containing a hydrophilic group 3,4 or the use of a phase transfer catalyst. 5-7 A similar effect is observed when other hydrophobic extractants are used, e.g. 2-hydroxy-5-nonylbenzophenone oxime (LIX65N) and 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). 1,8 Pyridine carbonates and carboxamides have been proposed by ICI 9-11 for copper extraction from chloride solutions, and the CUPREX Metal Extraction Process has been successfully used in a pilot plant for sulfidic copper ore concentrate processing. The commercial extractant Acorga CLX 50 has been used. It probably contains diisodecanyl pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate as the active substance. The reagent seems to be an effective extractant for palladium(II) extraction.4-Alkylphenylamines are effective extractants of noble metals from acidic solutions.12,13 They extract selectively the group of noble metals in the presence of base metals. They are also successfully applied in analytical procedures used to determine the noble metals in various minerals, sludges and flotation concentrates.It is now commonly accepted that metal extraction with highly hydrophobic reagents occurs according to the interfacial mechanism with extractant preadsorption at the hydrocarbon/water interface. [14][15][16][17][18][19] The adsorption permits one to obtain an appropriate orientation and high concentration of extractant molecules at the interface needed for a quick extraction. This means that a relationship should be observed between the rate of extraction and the extractant interfacial activity.The aim of the work was to study the adsorption behavior at a hydrocarbon/water interface of welldefined palladium(II) extractants and effect of the adsorption on the rate of palladium(II) extraction. ExperimentalIndividual 4-alkylphenylamine (I) containing 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl group were used. The method of their synthesis and the analytical date were described previously. 19 Some other hydrophobic extractants were also considered: dihexyl sulfide (II), 2-hydroxyethyl decylsulfide (III) and its partly fluorinated analog (IV), decyl nicotiniate (V) and N,N-dihexylpyridine-3-carboxamide (VI). Palladium(II) extractionExtraction was carried out in dispersion at ambient temperature using equal volumes (5 cm 3 ) of the aqueous and organic phases. The concentrations of palladium(II) in 3 M HCl and of extractants in benzene or toluene ...

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“…21 Similar improvements in Ni/Ca selectivity were observed with a mixture of 20 vol.% Acorga CLX50 in 0.5 M Versatic 10. Acorga CLX50 is a diester of pyridine 3,5-dicarboxylic acid developed by ZENECA (now Avecia) for the solvent extraction of copper from chloride leach solutions 22 as part of the Cuprex process 23 for copper recovery from sulfides. Unlike the established hydroxyoxime extractants for copper, CLX50 extracts copper as an ion-pair extractant by coordination through the pyridine nitrogen.…”

Section: Synergistic Extractant Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent extractants for nickel and cobalt: New opportunities in aqueous processing

Mihaylov¹

2003

JOM

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OverviewThe last two decades have witnessed unprecedented growth in the development and implementation of solvent extraction technology in the extractive metallurgy of nickel and cobalt. Solvent extraction is proving to be a powerful tool, opening new opportunities for simpler, more cost-effi cient and environmentally sound metal refi ning processes. This article provides an overview of some of the latest developments regarding the solvent extractants.

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The cuprex metal extraction process: Recovering copper from sulfide ores

Cited by 54 publications

References 1 publication

Anion Selectivity in Zwitterionic Amide‐Functionalised Metal Salt Extractants

Anion Selectivity in Zwitterionic Amide‐Functionalised Metal Salt Extractants

Palladium(II) Extraction and Extractant Adsorption at a Liquid/Liquid Interface

Solvent extractants for nickel and cobalt: New opportunities in aqueous processing

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