The deep<i>XMM-Newton</i>Survey of M 31

Stiele, H.; Pietsch, W.; Haberl, F.; Hatzidimitriou, D.; Barnard, R.; Williams, Benjamin F.; Kong, Albert; Kolb, U.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015270

Cited by 78 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This pipeline was already used for the surveys of M31 (Pietsch et al 2005;Stiele et al 2011) and M33 (Pietsch et al 2004;Misanovic et al 2006). It was then enhanced for the analysis of the SMC survey by Richard Sturm (2012).…”

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The population of X-ray supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Maggi

Haberl

Kavanagh

et al. 2016

A&A

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Aims. We present a comprehensive X-ray study of the population of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Using primarily XMM-Newton observations, we conduct a systematic spectral analysis of LMC SNRs to gain new insight into their evolution and the interplay with their host galaxy. Methods. We combined all the archival XMM-Newton observations of the LMC with those of our Very Large Programme LMC survey. We produced X-ray images and spectra of 51 SNRs, out of a list of 59 objects compiled from the literature and augmented with newly found objects. Using a careful modelling of the background, we consistently analysed all the X-ray spectra and measure temperatures, luminosities, and chemical compositions. The locations of SNRs are compared to the distributions of stars, cold gas, and warm gas in the LMC, and we investigated the connection between the SNRs and their local environment, characterised by various star formation histories. We tentatively typed all LMC SNRs, in order to constrain the ratio of core-collapse to type Ia SN rates in the LMC. We also compared the column densities derived from X-ray spectra to H i maps, thus probing the three-dimensional structure of the LMC. Results. This work provides the first homogeneous catalogue of the X-ray spectral properties of SNRs in the LMC. It offers a complete census of LMC remnants whose X-ray emission exhibits Fe K lines (13% of the sample), or reveals the contribution from hot supernova ejecta (39%), which both give clues to the progenitor types. The abundances of O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe in the hot phase of the LMC interstellar medium are found to be between 0.2 and 0.5 times the solar values with a lower abundance ratio [α/Fe] than in the Milky Way. The current ratio of core-collapse to type Ia SN rates in the LMC is constrained to N CC /N Ia = 1.35( +0.11 −0.24 ), which is lower than in local SN surveys and galaxy clusters. Our comparison of the X-ray luminosity functions of SNRs in Local Group galaxies (LMC, SMC, M31, and M33) reveals an intriguing excess of bright objects in the LMC. Finally, we confirm that 30 Doradus and the LMC Bar are offset from the main disc of the LMC to the far and near sides, respectively.

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Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The population of X-ray supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Maggi

Haberl

Kavanagh

et al. 2016

A&A

Self Cite

156

205

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“…The number of sources is significantly larger for Hofmann et al (2013) than for Stiele et al (2011); the former work is more sensitive as the data are stacked over a longer period. The work of Rosenfield et al (2012) Main physical parameters corresponding to the 13 CO(2-1) gas (left panel) and the C 18 O(2-1) gas (right panel) detected in M31-I(3).…”

Section: Point Sources and Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense gas tracing the collisional past of Andromeda

Melchior

Combes

2015

A&A

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The central kiloparsec region of the Andromeda galaxy is relatively gas poor, while the interstellar medium appears to be concentrated in a ring-like structure at about 10 kpc radius. The central gas depletion has been attributed to a possible head-on collision 200 Myr ago, supported by the existence of an offset inner ring of warm dust. We present new IRAM 30 m radio telescope observations of the molecular gas in the central region, and the detection of CO and its isotopes 13 CO(2−1) and C 18 O(2−1), together with the dense gas tracers, HCN(1−0) and HCO+(1−0). A systematic study of the observed peak temperatures with non-local thermal equilibrium simulations shows that the detected lines trace dense regions with n H 2 in the range 2.5 × 10 4 −5.6 × 10 5 cm −3 , while the gas is very clumpy with a beam filling factor of 0.5−2 × 10 −2 . This is compatible with the dust mass derived from the far-infrared emission, assuming a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 0.01 with a typical clump size of 2 pc. We also show that the gas is optically thin in all lines except for 12 CO(1-0) and 12 CO(2-1), CO lines are close to their thermal equilibrium condition at 17-20 K, the molecular hydrogen density is larger than critical, and HCN and HCO+ lines have a subthermal excitation temperature of 9 K with a density smaller than critical. The average 12 CO/ 13 CO line ratio is high (∼21), and close to the 12 CO/C 18 O ratio (∼30) that was measured in the north-western region and estimated in the south-east stacking. The fact that the optically thin 13 CO and C 18 O lines have comparable intensities means that the secondary element 13 C is depleted with respect to the primary 12 C, as is expected just after a recent star formation. This suggests that there has been a recent starburst in the central region, supporting the head-on collision scenario.

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“…Stiele et al (2011) also presented the radial distribution of SNRs and candidates in M 31 detected in the XMM-Newton LP. To compare M 31 and M 33, the radial distances were normalised to R 25 = D 25 /2.…”

Section: Radial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supernova remnants and candidates detected in theXMM-NewtonM 31 large survey

Sasaki

Pietsch

Haberl

et al. 2012

A&A

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Context. We present the analysis of supernova remnants (SNRs) and candidates in M 31 identified in the XMM-Newton large programme survey of M 31. Supernova remnants are among the brightest X-ray sources in a galaxy. They are good indicators of the recent star-formation activities of galaxies and the interstellar environment in which they evolve. Aims. By combining the X-ray data of sources in M 31 with optical data as well as optical and radio catalogues, we aim to compile a complete, revised list of SNRs emitting X-rays in M 31 detected with XMM-Newton, study their luminosity and spatial distributions, and understand the X-ray spectra of the brightest SNRs. Methods. We analysed the X-ray spectra of the 12 brightest SNRs and candidates that have been observed with XMM-Newton. Our study of the four brightest sources allowed us to perform a more detailed spectral analysis and compare different models to describe their spectrum. For all M 31 large programme sources, we searched for their optical counterparts in the Hα, [S ii], and [O iii] images of the Local Group Galaxy Survey. Results. We confirm 21 X-ray sources as counterparts to known SNRs. In addition, we identify 5 new X-ray sources as X-ray and optically emitting SNRs. Seventeen sources are no longer considered as SNR candidates. We thus create a list of 26 X-ray SNRs and 20 X-ray SNR candidates in M 31 based on their X-ray, optical, and radio emission, which is the most recent complete list of X-ray SNRs in M 31. The brightest SNRs have X-ray luminosities of up to 8 × 10 36 erg s −1 in the 0.35-2.0 keV band.

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The deepXMM-NewtonSurvey of M 31

Cited by 78 publications

References 105 publications

The population of X-ray supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

The population of X-ray supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Dense gas tracing the collisional past of Andromeda

Supernova remnants and candidates detected in theXMM-NewtonM 31 large survey

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