The deep-sea as a final global sink of semivolatile persistent organic pollutants? Part I: PCBs in surface and deep-sea dwelling fish of the North and South Atlantic and the Monterey Bay Canyon (California)

Froescheis, O; Looser, Ralf; Cailliet, Gregor M.; Jarman, Walter M.; Ballschmiter, Karlheinz

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00461-0

Cited by 126 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Monitoring has shown the bio-accumulation of organochlorines (most of them POPs) in deep-sea biota [Takahashi et al, 2000;Froescheis et al, 2000;Mormede and Davies, 2003;Storelli et al, 2004]. Fish, and many aquatic invertebrates, accumulate POPs from both water (via the gills, bioconcentration) and food (biomagnification) [Bruggeman et al, 1981;Fisk et al, 1998], most efficiently in the lipid phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 20% of fish meal and fish oil gained from industrial fish caught in European Union waters cannot be marketed without decontamination [SCAN, 2000]. During periods of decreasing pollutant primary emissions (i.e., after peak emission), not only higher levels in biota from deep water than from surface water have been reported [Froescheis et al, 2000;Mormede and Davies, 2003;Storelli et al, 2004], but also the opposite or no trend at all. The long-term chemodynamics of POPs in the total environment following emission abatement have been investigated, and factors which influence the lag time (with respect to peak emission) of contaminant levels in air, soil, and seawater in (remote) receptor regions have been identified [Gouin and Wania, 2007;Choi and Wania, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of the return of past pollution in the ocean: A model study

Stemmler

Lammel

2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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Chemical contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is one of the anthropogenic stressors for the deep sea. Here we use a coupled multi‐compartment chemistry‐transport model to simulate long‐term transports and fate of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). We show that the pollution signal received by the surface waters through atmospheric deposition is propagating downward and that ocean currents can act as a secondary source of POPs. Besides considerable time lags with respect to the year of peak emission, we find in some areas, e.g., in the western and eastern North Atlantic temporal bimodal exposure toward the pollutants of mid‐level and deep waters (200–1500 m). This is caused by vertical and horizontal transport through advection diffusion and particle sinking. We suggest that the combination of the same processes will lead to a re‐rise of exposure in other sea regions in the future, including where deep‐sea fisheries take place.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of the return of past pollution in the ocean: A model study

Stemmler

Lammel

2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The bioconcentrations of metals in organically fed fish are generally lower than those of farmed fish in the same area (North Evoikos Gulf, Larymna Bay; Simboura and Catsiki 2009). Industrial activity in the last century has led to increased levels of dioxins and the related dioxin-like PCBs in the environment, including the oceans, which has led to bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms (Froescheis et al 2000, Storelli et al 2007. Fish meal and especially fish oil from polluted areas have been linked with these pollutants, and hence there is the potential risk that farmed fish will be contaminated through their feed, with the consequent implications for the quality of the final product and human nutrition and health (Lundebye et al 2004, Bell et al 2005, Bethune et al 2006, Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of organic and conventional production methods on sea bream growth, health and body composition: a field experiment

Mente¹,

Stratakos²,

Boziaris³

et al. 2012

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: This study aimed to develop a better understanding of organic sea bream aquaculture production in Greece, in particular its consequences for fish growth, health and body composition, and to propose and update standards for sustainable organic sea bream farming. Gilthead sea bream were kept in sea cages at densities of 4 kg m -3 (organic) and 15 kg m -3 (conventional), and were fed organically produced feed (45% crude protein, 14% fat) or conventional feed (46% crude protein, 17% fat). The amino acid profile of the conventional diet, particularly the lysine content, which is one of most important dietary amino acids for sea bream, appeared to be unsatisfactory. "Organic" sea bream stored less fat content in their white muscle than the conventional sea bream. The liver lipid content was lower and the hepatosomatic index was higher for the organic sea bream. The microbiological analysis showed that both Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli on the skin were below the enumeration detection limit in both the organic and conventional sea bream. Total viable counts on the skin and muscle of both the organically and conventionally cultured sea bream were approximately 3 log cfu g -1 , which is well below the acceptable limit (7 log cfu g -1 ) for marine species. The results showed that the combination of a low stocking density and feed with a different ingredient composition but similar nutritional value resulted in similar growth rates and nutrient profiles of the final product. Further research on nutrition is required to provide information on setting the appropriate standards for organic sea bream aquaculture to ensure that the final product is in line with the consumers' preferences.Keywords: sustainable, organic, sea bream aquaculture. RESUMEN: EfEcto dE los métodos dE producción orgánica y convEncional En El crEcimiEnto, salud y composición corporal dEl pargo: un ExpErimEnto dE campo. -Este estudio tiene por objeto desarrollar una mejor comprensión de la producción acuícola orgánica del pargo en Grecia, en particular sus consecuencias en relación al crecimiento del pez, su salud y su composición corporal, y proponer y actualizar los estándares para la cría sostenible y orgánica. Los pargos dorados fueron criados en contenedores con densidades de 4 kg m -3 (orgánico) y de 15 kg m -3 (convencional) y les fue ofrecido alimento producido orgánicamente (45% de proteina cruda, 14% de grasa) y convencionalmente (46% de proteina cruda, 17% de grasa). El perfil de los aminoácidos de la dieta convencional, en especial en relación al contenido en lisina, uno de los aminoácidos alimentarios más importantes para pargos, pareció ser insatisfactorio. Los pargos "orgánicos" acumularon una menor cantidad de grasa en sus músculos blancos en compración con los pargos convencionales; el contenido en lípidos del hígado es menor y el índice hepatosomático es más alto en los pargos orgánicos. Los análisis microbiológicos muestran que las Enterobacteriaceae y las Escherichia coli en la piel estaban por debajo del límite de de...

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“…Após entrarem no ambiente aquático, estas substâncias, devido a sua baixa solubilidade em água, tendem a ser adsorvidas pelo material particulado em suspensão e pelo sedimento ou se solubilizar em biofilmes superficiais ou tecidos vivos. Estes compostos são capazes de ser bioacumulados pela biota e biomagnificar através da cadeia trófica (Hoivik & Safe 1998, EPA 1999a, Froescheis et al 2000. A migração de PCBs do solo para a água do lençol freático é pouco favorecida pela grande estabilidade de ligação entre estes compostos e o solo (WHO 2003).…”

Section: Dinâmica No Ambienteunclassified

Toxicologia das bifenilas policloradas

2007

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RESUMOAs Bifenilas Policloradas (Polychlorinated Biphenyls -PCBs) são compostos hidrocarbonetos clorados que consistem de dois anéis de benzeno unidos por uma ligação simples de carbono-carbono, com até 10 átomos de cloro. Os PCBs tiveram diversas aplicações comerciais, tendo sua produção comercial iniciada em 1929. Estes compostos apresentam alta resistência à degradação, capacidade de bioacumular e biomagnificar na cadeia trófica e ampla distribuição ambiental, sendo o transporte atmosférico o principal mecanismo para a dispersão global. Devido as implicações à saúde humana e o impacto no ambiente, o uso e a produção de PCBs foram severamente restritos ou banidos em muitos países a partir da década de 70, com a data limite para o seu uso expirando em 2025. Estudos ainda são realizados com o intuito de estimar a exposição dos seres humanos a estes compostos e diminuir o seu impacto ao meio ambiente. Palavras-chave: Bifenilas Policloradas, organoclorados, toxicidade. ABSTRACTTOXICOLOGY OF POLYCHROLINATED BIPHENYLS. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are chlorinated hydrocarbons formed by two fused benzene rings linked by a single carbon-carbon bond, with until 10 chlorine atoms. PCBs had diverse industrial uses and its commercial production started in 1929. These compounds present high resistance to degradation, capacity for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the trophic web, and large distribution in the environment, being the atmospheric transport its main mechanism of global dispersion. Due to implications to human health as well as environmental impacts, PCB use and production was restricted in the 1970s, with expiration date for its use scheduled for 2025. Even nowadays, there are studies in progress aiming the assessment of the human exposure to PCBs as well as the reduction of the environmental impact generated by these compounds.

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The deep-sea as a final global sink of semivolatile persistent organic pollutants? Part I: PCBs in surface and deep-sea dwelling fish of the North and South Atlantic and the Monterey Bay Canyon (California)

Cited by 126 publications

References 35 publications

Evidence of the return of past pollution in the ocean: A model study

Evidence of the return of past pollution in the ocean: A model study

The effect of organic and conventional production methods on sea bream growth, health and body composition: a field experiment

Toxicologia das bifenilas policloradas

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