The demographic transition in Colombia: theory and evidence

Mejía, Daniel; Ramírez-Giraldo, María Teresa; Tamayo-Castaño, Jorge Andrés

doi:10.32468/be.538

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, the combination of market forces, the increase in confidence to invest in the country following the end of the armed conflict, and the increase in purchasing power suggest an accelerated growth in the purchase and consumption of ultra-processed foods in the country 12 . Colombia is experiencing a nutritional, economic, and demographic transition, characterized by the decrease in the consumption of traditional meals, and an increase in urbanization and income, influenced by changing structures in the labor market 13,14 . Changes in market regulation in Colombia and the introduction of free trade agreements with countries that export ultra-processed foods ensure an increasing supply of these products 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic factors associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia

et al. 2020

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Colombian population across sociodemographic factors. METHODS: We used data from the 2005 National Survey of the Nutritional Status in Colombia. Food consumption was assessed using a 24-hour food recall in 38,643 individuals. The food items were classified according to the degree and extent of industrial processing using the NOVA classification. RESULTS: The mean calorie contribution of ultra-processed foods ranged from 0.2% in the lowest quintile of consumers to 41.1% in the highest quintile of consumers. The greatest increases were due to the consumption of industrialized breads, sweet and savory snacks, sugary drinks, processed meats, and confectionery. No major differences were found in the consumption of ultra-processed foods between men and women. We observed significant differences by age, socioeconomic status, area of residence, and geographic region. Children and adolescents showed a higher intake of ultra-processed foods, almost double that of participants over 50 years of age. Children consumed significantly more snacks, confectionery products, processed cereals, milk-based drinks and desserts. Participants over 50 years consumed fewer products from these sub-groups of ultra-processed foods but had the highest consumption of industrialized bread. Individuals from urban areas, those with high socioeconomic status, participants residing in the Bogotá region had 1.5 to 1.7 times higher calorie intake from ultra-processed foods compared with those from a lower socioeconomic status and those residing in rural regions. CONCLUSION: In Colombia, industrialized bread is the ultra-processed product that is most easily assimilated into the traditional diet, along with snacks and sugary drinks. Children and adolescents residing in urban areas and households with greater purchasing power have some of the highest intakes of ultra-processed foods in the country.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic factors associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia

et al. 2020

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“…We focus on Colombia because it encompasses two of the most distinctive global biodiversity hotspots, the tropical Andes and the Chocó, and ∼12% of the Amazon forest . Over the last 20 years the pace of deforestation in Colombia has accelerated, ,, particularly in lowland forests, , even as demographic pressures have eased and the proportion of the population dependent on agriculture has declined . Because this period largely overlaps with the explosion of coca cultivation for the cocaine market, when Colombia went from growing 10% of the global coca production in 1987 (220 km 2 ) to 74% in 2000 (1633 km 2 ), several analyses have suggested coca cultivation directly and indirectly drives deforestation in Colombia’s forested frontier. ,, Eradication by aerial spraying of herbicide is the main and most widespread institutional response to the expansion of coca cultivation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forests and Drugs: Coca-Driven Deforestation in Tropical Biodiversity Hotspots

Dávalos

Bejarano

Hall

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

166

115

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Identifying drivers of deforestation in tropical biodiversity hotspots is critical to assess threats to particular ecosystems and species and proactively plan for conservation. We analyzed land cover change between 2002 and 2007 in the northern Andes, Chocó, and Amazon forests of Colombia, the largest producer of coca leaf for the global cocaine market, to quantify the impact of this illicit crop on forest dynamics, evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas in this context, and determine the effects of eradication on deforestation. Landscape-level analyses of forest conversion revealed that proximity to new coca plots and a greater proportion of an area planted with coca increased the probability of forest loss in southern Colombia, even after accounting for other covariates and spatial autocorrelation. We also showed that protected areas successfully reduced forest conversion in coca-growing regions. Neither eradication nor coca cultivation predicted deforestation rates across municipalities. Instead, the presence of new coca cultivation was an indicator of municipalities, where increasing population led to higher deforestation rates. We hypothesize that poor rural development underlies the relationship between population density and deforestation in coca-growing areas. Conservation in Colombia's vast forest frontier, which overlaps with its coca frontier, requires a mix of protected areas and strategic rural development to succeed.

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“…Esta transformación aumentó significativamente la migración rural a las ciudades y contribuyó al incremento de la urbanización. Este proceso implicó un movimiento de la fuerza laboral de actividades de baja productividad a aquellas de mayor productividad, lo que aumentó la demanda de trabajadores más educados e indujo la inversión en capital humano (Mejía, Ramírez, y Tamayo, 2008 Por ejemplo, existen enfermedades crónicas como el cáncer o las enfermedades cardiovasculares, donde la genética juega un papel importante en contraste con las enfermedades infecciosas (Gráfico 2).…”

Section: Gráfico 1 El Hihdc De Colombia Total Y Por Género 1830 -2010unclassified

Más de cien años de avances en el nivel de vida: El caso de Colombia

Meisel-Roca¹,

Jaramillo-Echeverri²,

Ramírez-Giraldo³

2018

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This paper examines the long-term trends observed in the standard of living of the Colombian population during the past one hundred years, with special attention on health. We construct a historical index of human development for Colombia (HIHDC) for the 19 th and 20 th centuries by gender. We find that there were no major advances in living standards during the 19 th century due to the stagnation of GDP per capita as a result of the lack of dynamism in exports. On the contrary, significant advances in the HIHDC were seen in the twentieth century, especially for women. During the first half of the 20 th century, the improvements were mainly driven by a higher per capita income, while improvements after the 1950s were driven by greater public investment in education and health. The health data show that the percentage of deaths from tuberculosis, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal diseases decreased significantly throughout the century. On the contrary, deaths caused by cancer and heart diseases have increased considerably in recent decades. Results show that the decline in mortality rate was largely related with the expansion in the provision of public goods, namely aqueducts and sewerage services.

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The demographic transition in Colombia: theory and evidence

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Sociodemographic factors associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia

Sociodemographic factors associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia

Forests and Drugs: Coca-Driven Deforestation in Tropical Biodiversity Hotspots

Más de cien años de avances en el nivel de vida: El caso de Colombia

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