The Dermal Loss of Iron.

Adams, William S.; Leslie, Alan; Levin, Melvin H.

doi:10.3181/00379727-74-17804

Cited by 42 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Cell-rich sweat is defined as the sweat analyzed 'as is' after collection from the skin surface, while cell-poor sweat is the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of that sample. Several studies (listed in Supplemental Table 2) employed this method when assessing sweat Fe and found 2-to 24-fold higher concentrations in cell-rich versus cell-poor sweat (Adams et al 1950;Brune et al 1986;Foy and Kondi 1957;Hussain and Patwardhan 1959;Prasad et al 1963).…”

Section: Contamination Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition

2020

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The purpose of this paper is to review the physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition to assess the utility of sweat as a proxy for blood or as a potential biomarker of human health or nutritional/physiological status. Methods This narrative review includes the major sweat electrolytes (sodium, chloride, and potassium), other micronutrients (e.g., calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, vitamins), metabolites (e.g., glucose, lactate, ammonia, urea, bicarbonate, amino acids, ethanol), and other compounds (e.g., cytokines and cortisol). Results Ion membrane transport mechanisms for sodium and chloride are well established, but the mechanisms of secretion and/or reabsorption for most other sweat solutes are still equivocal. Correlations between sweat and blood have not been established for most constituents, with perhaps the exception of ethanol. With respect to sweat diagnostics, it is well accepted that elevated sweat sodium and chloride is a useful screening tool for cystic fibrosis. However, sweat electrolyte concentrations are not predictive of hydration status or sweating rate. Sweat metabolite concentrations are not a reliable biomarker for exercise intensity or other physiological stressors. To date, glucose, cytokine, and cortisol research is too limited to suggest that sweat is a useful surrogate for blood. Conclusion Final sweat composition is not only influenced by extracellular solute concentrations, but also mechanisms of secretion and/or reabsorption, sweat flow rate, byproducts of sweat gland metabolism, skin surface contamination, and sebum secretions, among other factors related to methodology. Future research that accounts for these confounding factors is needed to address the existing gaps in the literature.

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Section: Contamination Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition

2020

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“…Hookworm infestation is not seen in this part of Iran nor did stool examinations reveal this or other parasites. However, moderate iron loss may occur through excessive sweating and skin desquamation from sunburn in a hot climate [6,7].…”

Section: Case XImentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndrome of Iron Deficiency Anemia, Hepatosplenomegaly, Hypogonadism, Dwarfism and Geophagia

Prasad¹,

Halsted²,

Nadimi³

et al. 2009

Nutrition Reviews

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“…Skin surface mineral residue (surface contamination) may be a major confounder to accurate estimation of sweat mineral loss (Adams et al, 1950;Talbert et al, 1933). Multiple studies have observed serial reductions in sweat micromineral concentrations during prolonged sweating (DeRuisseau et al, 2002;Montain et al, 2007;Tipton et al, 1993;Waller & Haymes, 1996) with the decrement occurring soon after the onset of sweating (Paulev et al, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%