The detection of hydrogen in molten aluminium

Lapham, Darren P.; Schwandt, Carsten; Hills, M. P.; Kumar, Rupesh; Fray, Derek J.

doi:10.1007/bf02376052

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Another important matter is the presence of round-shape gas pores which have the average diameter less than 10 µm. An intensive attraction of environmental gases occurred for this sample at 850 °C for aluminum alloys [29,30] and it seems that these round-shape small pores are not related to gas entrapment due to very low viscosity of the melt [31,32]. Like the other samples, agglomeration of ceramic particles could be observed for this sample.…”

Section: -1-sem and Om Studies Of The Composite Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 77%

Stir casting process for manufacture of Al–SiC composites

et al. 2015

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Stir casting is an economical process for the fabrication of aluminum matrix composites. There are many parameters in this process, which affect the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites. In this study, micron-sized SiC particles were used as reinforcement to fabricate Al-3 wt% SiC composites at two casting temperatures (680 and 850 °C) and stirring periods (2 and 6 min). Factors of reaction at matrix/ ceramic interface, porosity, ceramic incorporation, and agglomeration of the particles were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high-resolution transition electron microscope (HRTEM) studies. From microstructural characterizations, it is concluded that the shorter stirring period is required for ceramic incorporation to achieve metal/ceramic bonding at the interface. The higher stirring temperature (850 °C) also leads to improved ceramic incorporation. In some cases, shrinkage porosity and intensive formation of Al4C3 at the metal/ceramic interface are also observed. Finally, the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated, and their relation with the corresponding microstructure and processing parameters of the composites was discussed. AbstractStir casting is an economical process for fabricating aluminium matrix composites. There are

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Section: -1-sem and Om Studies Of The Composite Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 77%

Stir casting process for manufacture of Al–SiC composites

et al. 2015

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“…(iv) also, the system performed better with a slower steam flow rate; a curve of best fit would indicate a drastic increase in the hydrogen evolution percentage, as the steam flow rate decreased Wang et al 43 a review on hydrogen production using aluminum and aluminum alloys in this article, researchers conducted a review of hydrogen production by using aluminum and aluminum alloys; the review study was compartmentalized according to the current status of hydrogen production, background information about the use of alloys to produce hydrogen, and the limitations associated with commercialization (i) the article verifies that aluminum−water chemical reactions are usually conducted in neutral and alkaline conditions. (ii) the article also asserts that processes such as ball milling and metal doping can be highly effective processes to optimize the reaction Lapham et al 44 the detection of hydrogen in molten aluminum (i) due to hydrogen's solubility within molten aluminum, researchers conducted a study to identify the various techniques that can be used to detect hydrogen within molten aluminum. (ii) this research holds great relevance due to the fact that as aluminum decreases in temperature hydrogen bubbles form within the aluminum, causing porosity to occur; the pores that formed within an aluminum sample can be considered detrimental in regards to the structural integrity of a part going through the casting process.…”

Section: Potential Environmental Impact and Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Unique Aluminum–Water Based Hydrogen Production Options

2021

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This comprehensive review paper compares the different methods developed experimentally to produce hydrogen by reacting aluminum and water. The alumina oxide layer which forms on the exterior surface of aluminum inhibits the reaction from taking place. Therefore, this paper presents a variety of techniques used to eliminate the oxide layer so that the reaction can continuously take place. The review paper aims to evaluate these techniques by comparing the hydrogen yield and maximum hydrogen production rate. On the basis of the analyses conducted, it was identified that the addition of hydroxide promoters, such as NaOH and KOH, is highly beneficial. This was also evident in the various studies where yields greater than 99% are achieved. Additionally, it is determined that the addition of NaCl or KCl to ball-milled samples of aluminum can be extremely advantageous when examining the maximum hydrogen production rate. For instance, an experimental sample composed of 2% NaCl was able to achieve a maximum hydrogen production rate of 1140 mL/min. Furthermore, numerous other studies are discussed by considering their specific advantages and disadvantages.

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“…[1][2][3] Previous research showed that inclusions, mainly of aluminum oxide, had a close correlation with the hydrogen content in aluminum melt. [4][5][6][7] Specifically, aluminum oxide inclusion usually increases with a higher level of hydrogen content. The major aluminum oxide inclusion in molten aluminum is an oxide film that results from the reaction between molten aluminum and water vapor in the air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure of Aluminum Oxide Inclusion and Formation of Hydrogen Bubbles in Molten Aluminum

Jian-min¹,

Li²,

Kang³

et al. 2013

j. nanosci. nanotech.

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Hydrogen in molten aluminum is one of the major factors that lead to pore formation in the solidification process of aluminum castings. Previous research showed that aluminum oxide inclusion had a close correlation with the hydrogen content in molten aluminum. Though some researchers thought there must have been a relationship between surface morphology of the inclusion and hydrogen concentration in molten aluminum, very few documents have reported on the surface property of aluminum oxide inclusion. In the present work, AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) was first used to investigate surface morphology of aluminum oxide inclusion in molten aluminum. It was found that there were a large number of nanoscale micropores on the surface of aluminum oxide inclusion. The interior of the micropores was approximated as a tapered shape. These micropores were thought to be helpful to heterogeneous nucleation for hydrogen atoms aggregation because they provided necessary concentration fluctuation and energy undulation for the growth of hydrogen bubbles. Based on the nanostructure observed on the surface of aluminum oxide inclusion, a theoretical model was developed to describe the hydrogen pore formation in aluminum casting under the condition of heterogeneous nucleation.

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The detection of hydrogen in molten aluminium

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Stir casting process for manufacture of Al–SiC composites

Stir casting process for manufacture of Al–SiC composites

A Review of Unique Aluminum–Water Based Hydrogen Production Options

Nanostructure of Aluminum Oxide Inclusion and Formation of Hydrogen Bubbles in Molten Aluminum

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