The developmental origins of a disposition toward empathy: Genetic and environmental contributions.

Knafo, Ariel; Zahn‐Waxler, Carolyn; Hulle, Carol Van; Robinson, JoAnn; Rhee, Soo Hyun

doi:10.1037/a0014179

Cited by 434 publications

(399 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Our analysis suggests that these parameters can be collapsed into a single dimension, because the participants who were most likely to sacrifice those who had a lower payoff than themselves were also the most likely to sacrifice for those who had a higher payoff, and for those who had (or hadn't) shown bad intentions. This supports other work indicating that a common underlying factor (in part) influences social preferences (Eisenberg et al, 2002;Lewis & Bates, 2011b;Knafo et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Personality accounts for stable preferences and expectations across a range of simple games

Brocklebank

Lewis

Bates

2011

Personality and Individual Differences

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Personality accounts for stable preferences and expectations across a range of simple gamesCitation for published version: Brocklebank, S, Lewis, GJ & Bates, TC 2011, 'Personality accounts for stable preferences and expectations across a range of simple games' Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 51, no. 8, Publisher Rights Statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Personality and Individual Differences Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Personality and Individual Differences, 51(8), 881-886, doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.07.007 General rightsCopyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policyThe University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Download date: 01. Apr. 2019 NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Personality and Individual Differences Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Personality and Individual Differences, 51(8), 881-886, doi: 10.1016Differences, 51(8), 881-886, doi: 10. /j.paid.2011 Abstract Behaviour on even simple experimental games shows considerable individual differences, but previous attempts to link these preferences to stable personality traits have had mixed results. Here we address three limitations of earlier studies, namely: 1) uncertainties concerning the reliability of preferences; 2) use of personality instruments with limited cross-study comparability; and 3) confounds where more than one psychological motive can lead to a particular choice. Sixty-seven participants completed 12 distinct real-money games twice over a two-week interval along with 6 measures concerning their expectations about other players' choices. Personality was measured using the full NEO-PI-R. Choices were highly stable across time (r = .84).Moreover, choices on the 12 games and 6 expectations reflected a single underlying dimension of "prosocial orientation", measuring concern for the payoffs received by other player...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Personality accounts for stable preferences and expectations across a range of simple games

Brocklebank

Lewis

Bates

2011

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…At the same time, these normative changes are constrained by inter-individual variations, which are associated with various psychological, biological, and social differences. For example, research has shown that there is a genetic effect on children's empathy at 24 and 36 months of age (Knafo, Zahn-Waxler, Van Hulle, Robinson, & Rhee, 2008).…”

Section: A Developmental Perspective On Moral Emotionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Moral Emotions

Malti

Dys

2013

Topoi

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This article outlines a developmental approach to the study of moral emotions. Specifically, we describe our developmental model on moral emotions, one in which emotions and cognitions about morality get increasingly integrated and coordinated with development, while acknowledging inter-individual variation in developmental trajectories across the lifespan. We begin with a conceptual clarification of the concept of moral emotions. After a brief review of our own developmental approach to the study of moral emotions, we provide a selective summary of the developmental literature on negatively and positively valenced moral emotions, and describe a recent line of developmental research on the anticipation of negatively and positively valenced moral emotions in multifaceted contexts of social exclusion and inclusion. Next, we describe what it means to take a developmental perspective on moral emotions. Finally, we provide some preliminary conclusions and recommendations for future work to the developmental study of moral emotions. AbstractThis article outlines a developmental approach to the study of moral emotions.

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“…We focused on the correlation between WM of BM and empathy, an essential aspect of normal social functioning, which has been extensively studied in the last decades from developmental, social, clinical, and neuroscience perspectives (e.g., Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004;Batson et al, 1997;Blakemore, 2008;Decety & Jackson, 2004;Knafo et al, 2008;Shamay-Tsoory, 2011). Empathy, broadly defined, refers to the cognitive as well as the emotional reactions of an individual to the observed experiences of other individuals (Shamay-Tsoory, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory capacity of biological movements predicts empathy traits

2015

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Working memory (WM) and empathy are core issues in cognitive and social science, respectively. However, no study so far has explored the relationship between these two constructs. Considering that empathy takes place based on the others' observed experiences, which requires extracting the observed dynamic scene into WM and forming a coherent representation, we hypothesized that a sub-type of WM capacity, i.e., WM for biological movements (BM), should predict one's empathy level. Therefore, WM capacity was measured for three distinct types of stimuli in a change detection task: BM of human beings (BM; Experiment 1), movements of rectangles (Experiment 2), and static colors (Experiment 3). The first two stimuli were dynamic and shared one WM buffer which differed from the WM buffer for colors; yet only the BM conveyed social information. We found that BM-WM capacity was positively correlated with both cognitive and emotional empathy, with no such correlations for WM capacity of movements of rectangles or of colors. Thus, the current study is the first to provide evidence linking a specific buffer of WM and empathy, and highlights the necessity for considering different WM capacities in future social and clinical research.

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The developmental origins of a disposition toward empathy: Genetic and environmental contributions.

Cited by 434 publications

References 60 publications

Personality accounts for stable preferences and expectations across a range of simple games

Personality accounts for stable preferences and expectations across a range of simple games

A Developmental Perspective on Moral Emotions

Working memory capacity of biological movements predicts empathy traits

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