The distribution of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria from the Tamil Nadu region in India

Abstract

Our results highlight the distribution of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the Tamil Nadu region in South India.

The therapeutic potential of bacteriophages targeting gram-negative bacteria using Galleria mellonella infection model

“…Antibiotics are considered as a “miracle drugs” to treat bacterial infections but due to the cheaper availability of antibiotics, the use of antibiotics has become common and widespread throughout the world [1]. The irrational and uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance, which is of major concern to combat serious life threatening bacterial infections [1, 2].…”

“…The irrational and uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance, which is of major concern to combat serious life threatening bacterial infections [1, 2]. Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae are Gram-negative bacilli which fall in the ESKAPE ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter species) group of pathogens and cause serious community or hospital acquired infections [3].…”

Identification of blaGIM-1 in Acinetobacter variabilis isolated from the hospital environment in Tamil Nadu, India

“…Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using micro-broth dilution method as per the CLSI guidelines. Modified Hodge test (MHT) was performed to evaluate the carbapenemase production as explained elsewhere [7]. Bacterial identification was carried out with the VITEK identification system (bioMerieux) and by 16S rRNA analysis using universal primers 27F and 1492R.…”

“…Bacterial identification was carried out with the VITEK identification system (bioMerieux) and by 16S rRNA analysis using universal primers 27F and 1492R. DNA was isolated using a boiling lysis method as explained elsewhere [7]. Further, molecular screening of beta-lactamase genes such as bla VIM , bla IMP , bla KPC , bla NDM , bla OXA-48 , bla OXA-1 , bla OXA-4 , bla OXA-30 , bla OXA-23 , bla OXA-24, bla OXA-51 , bla OXA-58 , bla AIM , bla GIM , bla DIM , bla SIM , bla BIC and bla GES were performed using multiplex PCR using the primers and PCR conditions as explained earlier [7, 8].…”

“…More dangerously, an MDR bacterium having one or more beta-lactamase genes can involve in horizontal transfer of resistance genes to other bacterial species or strains [6]. Some of the prevalent carbapenem-resistance genes in India are; New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), Imipenemase (IMP), Verona Integron-Mediated metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM), Oxacillinase (OXA) [7]. In another study, the identification of DIM-1 gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported for the first time in India by our group [8].…”