The Drugs/Violence Nexus: A Tripartite Conceptual Framework

Goldstein, Paul J.

doi:10.1177/002204268501500406

Cited by 1,079 publications

(946 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Drug use has been associated with anger, impulsivity, and violence (16,17). Illegal drug use can lead to violent behavior as a result of irritability from drug withdrawal, and decreased vigilance of the user may increase risk of victimization (18). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assault and Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study of Urban Adult Primary Care Patients

Glover¹,

Olfson²,

Gameroff³

et al. 2010

Psychiatric Services

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Objective This study estimated the strength of associations between self-reported assault and psychiatric disorders among low-income, urban primary care patients who were predominantly female. Methods A sample of adult patients who consecutively presented at an urban primary care practice completed the Life Events Checklist (N=1,157). They were also screened for current major depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use disorders with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire; for bipolar disorder with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire; and for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version. A total of 977 of the respondents reported whether they had ever experienced an assault. Logistic regression was used to model associations between self-reported assault and screen status, controlling for relevant sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results Twenty-five percent of study participants endorsed a history of physical or sexual assault. Compared with patients without a history of assault, patients with a history of assault had significantly greater odds of screening positive for PTSD (odds ratio [OR]=1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.19–3.25), alcohol use disorder (OR=2.17, CI=1.07–4.41), and drug use disorder (OR=3.38, CI=1.14–9.98). Conclusion A history of assault was related to risk of screening positive for PTSD and a substance use disorder. These findings support assessment of trauma history among low-income primary care patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assault and Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study of Urban Adult Primary Care Patients

Glover¹,

Olfson²,

Gameroff³

et al. 2010

Psychiatric Services

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“…One of the most commonly used frameworks is that first proposed by Goldstein, in which three categories are used to describe the factors that link drugs and violence (Fagan, 1993;Goldstein, 1985;Goldstein et al, 1989): (1) pharmacological (i.e., pharmacological effect of substances enhance violent behaviour and individuals under the influence of drugs are less aware of surroundings making them vulnerable to violence); (2) economical compulsive (i.e., engagement in economically oriented violent crime to sustain drug use behaviours); and (3) systemic (i.e., the endemicity of violent interactions within the system of drug distribution and use). Although this framework is often used as a theoretical explanation for the observed link between violence, crime and substance use, several authors have noted that only limited empirical evidence exists to support all three components of the conceptual model (Martin and Bryant, 2001;Parker and Auerhahn, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical violence among a prospective cohort of injection drug users: A gender-focused approach

Marshall

Fairbairn

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Although dramatically heightened rates of violence have been observed among injection drug users (IDU), little is known about the gender differences associated with violence among this population. Employing a risk environment framework, we performed an analysis of the factors associated with experiencing violence among participants enrolled in a prospective cohort study of IDU during the years 1996-2005 using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Among 1114 individuals, 291 (66%) of females and 470 (70%) of males reported experiencing violence during the study period. In multivariate analyses, mental illness, frequent alcohol use, frequent crack use, homelessness, Downtown Eastside residency, and requiring help injecting were positively associated with experiencing violence for both sexes (all p < 0.05). For females, binge drug use (AOR = 1.30) and drug dealing (AOR = 1.42) were positively associated with violence, while younger age (AOR = 1.02), frequent heroin injection (AOR = 1.24), and incarceration (AOR = 1.50) were significant for males. Women were more likely to be attacked by acquaintances, partners, and sex trade clients, while men were more likely to experience violence from strangers and the police. These findings indicate that susceptibility to violence among IDU is structured by environmental factors such as homelessness and drug-related factors such as frequent alcohol use and involvement in drug economies. Furthermore, important gender differences with respect to the predictors and characteristics of violent attacks do exist. These findings indicate an urgent need for the development of comprehensive programs and structural interventions that take a gender-focused approach to violence among IDU.

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“…Substantial associations have been found between alcohol use and family violence and abuse (Gelles, 1987;Straus, Gelles & Steinmetz, 1980;Wolfgang & Weiner, 1981). Likewise strong associations are shown between the use, and especially the illegal sale, of heroin, cocaine, and crack with high levels of violence in both community and family settings (Goldstein, 1985;Goldstein et al, 1988;Fagan, 1994aFagan, , 1994bFagan & Chin, 1990). Persons who routinely engage in illegal sales of heroin, cocaine, and crack are disproportionately recruited from among those who are most violent.…”

Section: Substance Abuse and Family Violencementioning

confidence: 98%

Aggression and violence in households of crack sellers/abusers

Dunlap

Johnson

Rath³

1996

Applied Behavioral Science Review

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While the consequences of aggression and violence in family settings have been extensively documented, the intergenerational processes by which such behaviors are modeled, learned, and practiced have not been firmly established. This research was derived from a larger ethnographic study of crack sellers and their family systems and provides a case study of one kin network in Harlem where many adults were actively involved in alcohol and hard drug use and sales. "Illuminating episodes" suggest the various processes by which aggression and violence were directly modeled by adults and observed and learned by children.Aggression and violent behavior were entrenched in the Jones and Smith family, as was drug consumption and sales. Adults often fought over drugs or money and feuded while under the influence of crack and alcohol. They used aggression and violence against family members as retribution or punishment for previous aggressive and violent acts. Aggressive language and excessive profanity were routine adult behaviors and a major means of communication; jokes and insults led to arguments, often followed by fights. Most adults who were abused physically or sexually as children did the same to their own as when one mother was knifed by her daughter. Children rarely obtained special attention and support and had almost no opportunity to learn nonaggressive patterns. Rather, youths learned to model adult behaviors, such that the intergenerational transmission of aggression and violence was well established in this kin network. PURPOSEThis paper suggests several processes by which violence and aggression regularly occur within African-American inner-city families where several substance-abusing/crack-selling adults reside. We examine how aggression and violence may be learned and transmitted inter-and intragenerationally by describing how members of various generations interact with each other within a specific family/kin network. In so doing, we expect to gain some understanding of the blatant and subtle ways in which violence is modeled or practiced by adults and internalized by children and youths in the household.While this paper reports a case study of a particular family/kin system-the Jones and Smith family 1 -the manifestation and transmission of aggression and violence are common behavioral patterns that permeate many other substance-abusing households. Children born

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The Drugs/Violence Nexus: A Tripartite Conceptual Framework

Cited by 1,079 publications

References 20 publications

Assault and Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study of Urban Adult Primary Care Patients

Assault and Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study of Urban Adult Primary Care Patients

Physical violence among a prospective cohort of injection drug users: A gender-focused approach

Aggression and violence in households of crack sellers/abusers

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