The durations of masticating activities and the feed energetic utilisation of Friesian lactating cows on maize silage‐based rations

Dehareng, Dominique; Godeau, Jean-Marie

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.1991.tb00257.x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Each of the four experimental periods lasted for 43 d; all cows were fed the HN-HE diet for the first 15 d before receiving the experimental diet for the last 28 d, with 21 d for adjustment to the respective diet and 7 d for sample collection (Figure 1). During the last 7-d period, a 5-d quantitative collection of urine and feces was performed to estimate the daily NE l supplies (Dehareng and Godeau, 1991), followed by recording of feeding behavior, and continuous collection of ruminal liquor, blood, and urine samples for the last 42 consecutive hours. Ruminal liquor for VFA (acetate, butyrate, propionate, and total VFA) determination was continuously collected at 20-min intervals by an automated sampling technique (Dehareng et al, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urine samples (2h fraction) were collected through a permanent bladder probe for the determination of the amount of excreted MeHis ( Ur MeHis) . Feeding behavior was recorded according to the procedure of Dehareng and Godeau (1991). An aliquot of each collected plasma fraction was deproteinized for AA determination by addition of 5% (vol/vol) trichloracetic acid before being centrifuged (14,000 g, 30 min).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous profiles and within-day variations of metabolites and hormones in cows fed diets varying in alimentary supplies before short-term feed deprivation.

Ndibualonji

Dehareng

Beckers

et al. 1997

Journal of Animal Science

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We investigated continuous profiles and within-day variations of some metabolites and hormones in four nonpregnant, nonlactating cows fed hay-based diets in two equal meals. Diets supplied either too much or too little N (approximately 1.3 or .8 times the maintenance requirements) and NE1 (approximately 1.2 or .8 times). Continuous collection of ruminal liquor, blood, and urine samples was performed for 42 consecutive hours, the last 16 h covering a period without feed. For twice-daily feeding, nitrogenous and energetic underfeeding decreased average ruminal propionate and the insulin:growth hormone ratio. However, only the energetic underfeeding increased plasma 3-methylhistidine and urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine, and decreased body weight and ruminal acetate, butyrate, and total VFA. Conversely, only the nitrogenous underfeeding decreased glycemia. Whatever the dietary level, the 42-h patterns of metabolites and hormones were mainly affected by the time from the last meal. An energy deficit progressively took place during feed deprivation and the nocturnal interprandial period but not during the diurnal interprandial period. During the feed deprivation and nocturnal periods, glycemia was maintained despite a shortage in ruminal propionate. We conclude that in twice-daily fed cattle 1) the dietary supply of energy is the main trigger for an energy deficit and the subsequent muscle protein mobilization; 2) the nocturnal interprandial period may be considered as short-term feed deprivation; 3) the diurnal patterns of metabolites and hormones are not affected by the nitrogenous and(or) energetic supplies of the diet.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous profiles and within-day variations of metabolites and hormones in cows fed diets varying in alimentary supplies before short-term feed deprivation.

Ndibualonji

Dehareng

Beckers

et al. 1997

Journal of Animal Science

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show abstract

“…Hand‐plucking of forage is a feasible alternative but necessitates calibration between the animals and the operator ( WallisDeVries, 1994). Techniques for monitoring grazing behaviour using jaw and mercury switches ( Stobbs and Cowper, 1972), accelerometers and displacement transducers ( Chambers et al ., 1981 ), thermal conductivity cannulae ( Forwood et al ., 1985 ), gnathometers ( Rutter et al ., 1997 ), jaw balloons and pressure transducers ( Derrick et al ., 1993 ), and systems developed for stall‐fed animals ( Luginbuhl et al ., 1987 ; Beauchemin et al ., 1989 ; Dehareng and Godeau, 1991; Beauchemin and Iwaasa, 1993; Girard and Labonte, 1993) have proved successful and can be used to predict bite rate and grazing time. Laca et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic measurement of intake and grazing behaviour of cattle

Laca

WallisDeVries

2000

Grass and Forage Science

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Acoustic analysis of grazing behaviour was found to allow accurate identification of chewing and biting, and estimation of intake by cattle. Four steers grazed six types of turves, three were short (14, 16 and 20 cm tall), leafy turves from mowed Setaria lutescens with high application of N fertilizer, and three were tall (36, 49 and 62 cm tall), mature turves from uncut areas with low application of N fertilizer. Each animal grazed ten bites from each turf type while behaviour was videotaped and grazing sounds were recorded with a wireless microphone taped to the animal’s forehead. The intake was measured by the difference in pre‐ and post‐grazing turf weight, corrected for water loss. Chews and bites differed in acoustic characteristics, with bites producing more output in the 3–8 kHz frequency band. Discriminant analysis of the acoustic characteristics correctly classified chews and bites with 94% accuracy. Intake was predicted with a high degree of accuracy by total energy flux density (fJ m–2) in chewing sounds (EFDC), EFDC per chew and average intensity of chewing sound in the 1–2 and 2–3 kHz bands (R2=0·90, CV=3·6%). Although bite mass ranged from 1·37 to 4·50 g, EFDC per g of intake (CV=0·015) was not affected by treatments or animals. Chewing sounds carried more information about intake than biting sounds and chews per bite. Analysis of grazing sounds has the potential to overcome many of the problems associated with the measurement of grazing intake.

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The Effect of Increasing Dietary Fibre on Feeding, Rumination and Oral Stereotypies in Captive Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis)

Baxter

Plowman

2001

Anim. welf.

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Many captive giraffes perform oral stereotypies, in particular tongue-playing, licking of objects (including conspecifics) and vacuum chewing. Typically, the diet of these large ruminants in captivity consists mostly of food concentrates, which are consumed rapidly and do not provide stimulation for their long, prehensile tongues. In the wild, browsing requires extensive use of this organ but in captivity material upon which to browse is limited. Consequently, vacuum activities, such as mock leaf-feeding behaviour, and stereotypies may develop. Rumination is also a major component of a giraffe's behavioural repertoire. It is essential for proper digestion, but may also be connected with non-REM sleep. Inadequate opportunities for rumination may also contribute to the development of oral stereotypies. In this study of captive giraffes, we examined the effect of increasing dietary fibre on the time spent ruminating and feeding and the extent to which oral stereotypies were performed. Two giraffes of different age, sex and sub-species were studied at Paignton Zoo Environmental Park. Dietary fibre was increased by the addition of coarse meadow hay to their existing diet. Following the addition of hay, time spent feeding did not change significantly but there was a significant increase in the time spent ruminating and a significant reduction in time spent performing oral stereotypies by both giraffes, suggesting that oral stereotypies may be connected with rumination rather than feeding. Stereotypic behaviour is generally accepted to be an indicator of sub-optimal welfare. Thus, the reduction in this behaviour by the simple addition of coarse fibre to the diet can be interpreted as enhancing the welfare of these animals.

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The durations of masticating activities and the feed energetic utilisation of Friesian lactating cows on maize silage‐based rations

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Continuous profiles and within-day variations of metabolites and hormones in cows fed diets varying in alimentary supplies before short-term feed deprivation.

Continuous profiles and within-day variations of metabolites and hormones in cows fed diets varying in alimentary supplies before short-term feed deprivation.

Acoustic measurement of intake and grazing behaviour of cattle

The Effect of Increasing Dietary Fibre on Feeding, Rumination and Oral Stereotypies in Captive Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis)

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