The Economic and Marketing Attractiveness of Countries: Measurement and Positioning in Terms of Economic Security

Abstract

The subject of the research is the territory's attractiveness. The main research activities are focused on 15 countries with different levels of development. Thus, the purpose of the study is to provide an empirical study on measuring the attractiveness of defined countries and on identifying their positions comparing with others. The study suggests measuring the territory's attractiveness from two points of view: economic and marketing attractiveness. It is proposed to measure economic attractiveness using five sub-indexes: business, production, trade & investment, environment, and logistics. At the same time marketing attractiveness consists of the following sub-indexes: social, touristic, territory's convenience, innovation, and demand. The research results allow plotting countries on a nine-cell matrix and separate three groups of countriescountries with high (group 1), medium (group 2) and low (group 3) economic and marketing attractiveness. Recommendations and strategies of further attractiveness improvement depending on countries' current position are formed.

The impact of tax gap on macroeconomic stability: Assessment using panel VEC approach

“…Modern scientific research empirically confirms that social (Nelson, 2017;Kharazishvili et al, 2020;Hanić & Jevtić, 2020), environmental (Lyulyov et al, 2019;Miskiewicz, 2018;Pimonenko et al, 2020), cultural (Zandi et al, 2020), political (Yelnikova & Barhaq, 2020), institutional (Dkhili, 2018;Chygryn et al, 2018;Shkolnyk et al, 2020), financial Djalilov et al, 2015;Melnyk et al, 2018;Sanusi et al, 2017;Kuek et al, 2021), innovation and investment (Vasylieva & Kasyanenko, 2013;Povolná & Švarcová, 2017;Zakharkina et al, 2018;Pisár et al, 2020;Rutkauskas & Stasytytė, 2020;Petroye et al, 2020), marketing (Harust & Melnyk, 2019Bondarenko et al, 2020;Shymon et al, 2020) factors in various combinations could both significantly strengthen and reduce the current level of macroeconomic stability of the national economy and its economic growth. Scholars also argue that the level of shadowing of the economy by increasing tax gaps affects the country's investment attractiveness, increases barriers to the country's entry into trade unions, promotes the outflow of labor and capital from the country, which directly affects the macroeconomic stability of the national economy (Kasztelnik, 2020;Nguyen & Luong, 2020;Ostrowska-Dankiewicz & Simionescu, 2020).…”

Knowledge marketing: M4I-mix model of evaluation

“…• marketing and knowledge management regarding the goals of sustainable development [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]; • green marketing, green conscious and knowledge [52][53][54];…”

Evolutionary development of energy efficiency in the context of the national carbon-free economic development

“…On the other hand, more scientists investigate the green bond markets, investments [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], decarbonized financial markets [3; 22], and energy-efficient (carbon-free) innovations [17,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. It is worth highlighting that these scientific treatises are a strong background for further analytical research in green competitiveness as a crucial vector of green business development in Ukraine and the world [29][30][31]. Besides, it contributes to reforming and building a new green (environmental) taxation [32], which would reduce the tax burden on green activities [33].…”