The Economic Impact of Traumatic Injuries

MacKenzie, Ellen J.; Shapiro, Sam; Siegel, John H.

doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410220074031

Cited by 57 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Injuries are a major public health problem that incurs huge costs [1]–[5]. Among injuries, non-fatal orthopaedic trauma is a leading cause of persistent pain, poor quality of life, long lasting sick-leave and disabilities [2], [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Non Return to Work after Orthopaedic Trauma: The Wallis Occupational Rehabilitation RisK (WORRK) Model

et al. 2014

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BackgroundWorkers with persistent disabilities after orthopaedic trauma may need occupational rehabilitation. Despite various risk profiles for non-return-to-work (non-RTW), there is no available predictive model. Moreover, injured workers may have various origins (immigrant workers), which may either affect their return to work or their eligibility for research purposes. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model that estimates the likelihood of non-RTW after occupational rehabilitation using predictors which do not rely on the worker’s background.MethodsProspective cohort study (3177 participants, native (51%) and immigrant workers (49%)) with two samples: a) Development sample with patients from 2004 to 2007 with Full and Reduced Models, b) External validation of the Reduced Model with patients from 2008 to March 2010. We collected patients’ data and biopsychosocial complexity with an observer rated interview (INTERMED). Non-RTW was assessed two years after discharge from the rehabilitation. Discrimination was assessed by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and calibration was evaluated with a calibration plot. The model was reduced with random forests.ResultsAt 2 years, the non-RTW status was known for 2462 patients (77.5% of the total sample). The prevalence of non-RTW was 50%. The full model (36 items) and the reduced model (19 items) had acceptable discrimination performance (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.78 and 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.76, respectively) and good calibration. For the validation model, the discrimination performance was acceptable (AUC 0.73; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.77) and calibration was also adequate.ConclusionsNon-RTW may be predicted with a simple model constructed with variables independent of the patient’s education and language fluency. This model is useful for all kinds of trauma in order to adjust for case mix and it is applicable to vulnerable populations like immigrant workers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Non Return to Work after Orthopaedic Trauma: The Wallis Occupational Rehabilitation RisK (WORRK) Model

et al. 2014

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“…8 " 10 This is true particularly in the case of victims with head injury or injuries associated with extended periods of care and rehabilitation such as those resulting in paraplegia or quadriplegia. 10 In order to use the percentage distribution of firstyear charges from Harris 6 for lifetime costs with a focus on public payments, two assumptions are necessary. The first is that the percentage distribution of parties billed for the charges is the same as that for who pays the reimbursements.…”

Section: Overall Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Vehicle Safety, Health Care, and Taxes

1994

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Introduction:Motor vehicle injuries are a major public health problem. They are a primary cause of: 1) death and injury in the United States; and 2) result in a substantial loss of productive life. These injuries and fatalities have serious social and economic consequences for the injured individual, their families, and society. This report focuses on the portion of health care expense borne by the public and the tax revenue implications of these injuries and fatalities.Methods:The relationship between motor vehicle injuries and fatalities, health care costs, and income taxes was analyzed for four situations: 1) 1990 baseline; 2) achievement of modest goals for safety improvements; 3) population growth with constant injury and fatality rates; and 4) the effect of higher injury and fatality rates. Total health care costs, publicly funded health care costs, lost income tax revenue, and increased public assistance were estimated at the [U.S.] federal level, and at the state and local level.Results:Study of these relationships indicate that: 1) the lifetime economic cost of motor vehicle injuries, fatalities, and property damage that occurred in 1990 is $137.5 billion. American taxpayers will pay $11.4 billion of that total to cover publicly funded health care ($3.7 billion), reduced income tax revenue ($6.1 billion), and increased public assistance expenses ($1.6 billion); 2) the lifetime economic cost of alcohol-related, motor vehicle injuries, fatalities, and property damage that occurred in 1990 was $46.1 billion. Of this, the American taxpayer will pay $1.4 billion to cover publicly funded health care and $3.8 billion to cover reduced income tax revenue and increased public assistance; 3) reducing the percentage of the alcohol-related portion of these fatalities from 45% to 43% (1,200 lives saved), and alcohol-related injuries by a proportionate amount, would save American taxpayers $73 million in publicly funded health care and $208 million in income taxes and public assistance; 4) by increasing observed safety-belt usage in passenger cars from 62% to 75%, (1,700 lives saved plus a proportionate reduction in injuries), publicly funded health care costs would be reduced by $180 million, and $328 million would be saved in the combination of increased income tax revenues and reduced public assistance; 5) Further reductions in publicly funded health care, increases in income tax revenues, and reductions in public assistance are possible as a result of reasonable gains in other areas, such as increased safety-belt usage in light trucks, increased usage of motorcycle helmets, increased correct usage of child safety seats, and reducing the number of speeding drivers; 6) if injury and fatality rates remain at the 1992 level, population increases alone would result in 3,300 more fatalities in the year 2000. Economic costs from these fatalities and a proportionate increase in injuries would increase by an estimated $7.4 billion, including a $277 million increase in publicly funded health care costs, and $573 million in reduced income tax revenue and increased public assistance; and 7) if injury and fatality rates increase from the 1992 level, injuries, fatalities, and costs will increase. In one scenario, with 5,800 more fatalities than the population growth scenario, economic costs would increase by $13 billion, including a $350 million increase in publicly funded health care, and an additional $1 billion in taxes to cover lost income tax revenue and increased public assistance.Conclusions:It is obvious that inaction is a costly alternative and that anticipated population gains will require further reductions in injury and fatality rates just to maintain current injury and fatality rates. Fortunately, countermeasures are to be available that can accomplish this. Lack of vigilance that would result in deterioration of safety levels would be even more costly.

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“…Moreover, there are effects on the mental health of the patient and their loved ones, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression [ 3 ]. On the other hand, the different kinds of trauma also destroy property and hamper national economies by costing a huge sum in the management of the patients [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Still in Plight: Traumatic Injuries and Their Acute Health Effects in Karachi, Pakistan

Mushtaq,

Abro,

Zehra

2023

Cureus

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Introduction Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with significant social and economic impacts. Karachi, Pakistan, a densely populated city with a high incidence of traumatic injuries, faces inadequacies in its trauma-care setup, including a lack of resources and unorganized care, which highlights the need for improved trauma management strategies and trauma registries. The purpose of this research is to present a fundamental profile of traumatic injuries in terms of their health-related consequences in Karachi, Pakistan. The objective is to identify the nature, affected body parts, and severity of traumatic injuries to identify areas for effective safety measures and reduce morbidity and mortality. Methodology This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) in Karachi, Pakistan, from June to August 2021. The study included trauma patients over the age of 18 who presented at the accident and emergency department (ED) of JPMC during the study period. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. The study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of trauma patients presenting to the ED. Results This study of 363 trauma patients found road traffic injuries (62.4%) as the most common mechanism of injury, with extremities (48.5%) being the most affected body part. The majority of trauma victims did not receive prehospital care (65.3%), highlighting a need for improved emergency response systems and public awareness. Open wounds (41.0%) were the most common nature of injury, with falls being the leading mechanism of fractures. The severity of injuries was mostly moderate (48.2%). Conclusion This study highlighted the need for targeted prevention strategies to reduce the health-related burden on the population of Karachi, Pakistan. Future research should focus on longitudinally monitoring all injured patients to identify high-risk populations, injury patterns, and preventative outcomes.

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The Economic Impact of Traumatic Injuries

Cited by 57 publications

References 8 publications

Predicting Non Return to Work after Orthopaedic Trauma: The Wallis Occupational Rehabilitation RisK (WORRK) Model

Predicting Non Return to Work after Orthopaedic Trauma: The Wallis Occupational Rehabilitation RisK (WORRK) Model

Motor Vehicle Safety, Health Care, and Taxes

Still in Plight: Traumatic Injuries and Their Acute Health Effects in Karachi, Pakistan

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