The Effect of Aeration for 6-Pentyl-alpha-pyrone, Conidia and Lytic Enzymes Production by Trichoderma asperellum Strains Grown in Solid-State Fermentation

Abstract

In recent years, the production of biopesticides has gained great attention in the scientific word because it is an important alternative to replace the much debated chemical pesticides used on the field crops. Fungal lytic enzymes, conidia and secondary metabolites like 6 pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP) play a very important role in the biological control of pests. On the present study, the influence of application of air through a solid-state fermentation using three Trichoderma asperellum strains to produce conidia, 6-PP and essential enzymes were evaluated. A mix of vine shoots, potatoes flour, jatropha, olive pomace and olive oil as substrates was used. T. asperellum TV104 showed the best 6-PP production (3.06 ± 0.15 mg g DM −1), cellulases activities (34.3 ± 0.4 U g −1), and amylase activity (46.3 ± 0.6 U g −1) however, T. asperellum TF1 produced the higher levels of lipase (30.6 ± 0.3 U g −1), under air conditions. The production of these same enzymes was less efficient without the application of forced aeration. The forced aeration increased the conidia production, the best value was observed with T. asperellum TF1 (2.23 ± 0.07 × 10 9 g DM −1).

Development and Evaluation of a Disposable Solid-State Culture Packed-Bed Bioreactor for the Production of Conidia from Trichoderma asperellum Grown Under Water Stress

“…The forced aeration and the water stress characterized by the reduction of the moisture content could have enhanced the production of conidia in the DSSCB. This difference in conidia contents is consistent with reported results that demonstrated a positive effect of aeration on T. asperellum conidia production [18]. It is thus most likely that the positive effect of aeration on conidiogenesis overcame the detrimental effect of the temperature rise at the larger scale.…”

From flasks to single used bioreactor: Scale-up of solid state fermentation process for metabolites and conidia production by Trichoderma asperellum

“…The effect of forced aeration on 6-PP production from T. asperellum TF1 was also evaluated in a previous work (Hamrouni et al, 2019b) and the results suggested that forced aeration on SSF systems leads to production of high amounts.…”

Trichoderma asperellum Secreted 6-Pentyl-α-Pyrone to Control Magnaporthiopsis maydis, the Maize Late Wilt Disease Agent

“…This metabolite also reduces the production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by Fusarium graminearum and fusaric acid by Fusarium moniliform [ 68 ]. A large amount of 6-PP can be produced by T. asperellum using forced aeration on a solid-state fermentation system [ 65 ] for commercial production. Since 6-PP is a food-grade volatile metabolite, it can also be used post-harvest to protect storage crops.…”

“…In recent years, biopesticides have gained significant attention in the scientific world because they are a vital alternative to replacing the much-debated traditional chemical pesticides used in field crops. Secondary metabolites such as pyrone 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2one (6-pentyl-α-pyrone or 6-PP) play a significant role in the biological control of pests [65]. 6-PP is an unsaturated lactone with a molecular mass of 166 Da, first characterized by Collins and Halim (1972) [66] and identified as one of the key bioactive compounds of several Trichoderma species [65].…”

“…Secondary metabolites such as pyrone 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2one (6-pentyl-α-pyrone or 6-PP) play a significant role in the biological control of pests [65]. 6-PP is an unsaturated lactone with a molecular mass of 166 Da, first characterized by Collins and Halim (1972) [66] and identified as one of the key bioactive compounds of several Trichoderma species [65]. A strong relationship was found between the biosynthesis of this metabolite and the biocontrol ability of the producing species.…”