The Effect of All-Extremity High-Intensity Interval Training on Plasma Pentraxin 3 in Young Overweight and Obese Women

Abstract

Background: In obese individuals, chronic inflammation is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This inflammation may be reduced by anti-inflammatory proteins like pentraxin 3 (PTX3). High-intensity interval training (HIIT) mostly with weight bearing might also alleviate this inflammation. This type of exercise may be limited in obese individuals due to their excessive body mass, muscular weakness or joints pain. Whether non-weight bearing HIIT can increase these anti-inflammatory proteins in obese individuals is not clear yet. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of non-weight bearing all-extremity HIIT (all ex. HIIT) on antiinflammatory proteins like PTX3. Methods: In this cross-sectional semi-experimental study, 30 overweight and obese female participants with the mean age of 20.50 ± 1.50 years and the mean weight of 80.70 ± 13.70 kg were randomly assigned to all ex. HIIT and control groups. Training consisted of 4 × 4 min 85%-90% max HR, and 3 × 3 recovery by 70% max HR with upper and lower body training in a simultaneous manner (four sessions per week for 10 weeks). PTX3, interleukin10 (IL10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), lipid profile, glycemic profile, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: At the end of the intervention, no significant difference was observed in PTX3 (P = 0.47), IL10 (P = 0.67) and TNFα (P = 0.92) levels between the groups. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased by 13.5% in the all ex. HIIT group, while the triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and glycemic profiles remained unchanged in both groups. HR and systolic and diastolic BP decreased by 12.2%, 2.3% and 6%, respectively, in the all ex. HIIT group, while they remained unchanged in the control group. There was no significant change in PTX3, but as to its correlation with IL10 and HDL a slight change is observed. Conclusions: All ex. HIIT may be a safe exercise that decreases LDL, HR and systolic and diastolic BP in overweight and obese individuals unable to perform weight-bearing HIIT.

Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on endothelial function in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

“…Of these, seven were excluded because they did not use a control group (n = 3), missing information (n = 2), no participants with overweight and obesity (n = 1), and not a RCT (n = 1). There remained 10 studies: three including overweight adults 34 – 36 , four adults with obesity 37 – 40 and three adults with overweight and obesity 41 – 43 . They were all included in the quantitative synthesis.…”

“…As for the intervention, five studies used continuous aerobic training 35 – 37 , 39 , 40 , two resistance training 34 , 38 , one high-intensity interval training (HITT) 41 , one used both HITT and resistance training 42 , and one used continuous aerobic training and HITT 43 . Table 1 details the study interventions.…”

“…years C (n = 16): ? years 30.04 ± 3.49 T: 6.94 ± 4.22 C: 10.48 ± 7.15 Resistance training, 3 × per week, 30 to 40 min, 50 to 70% 1RM, Duration: 12 weeks ↑ FMD (p < 0.01) ∆ T = 10.54 ∆ C = 2.14 ↑ VO 2 max ↓ HRrest ↓ BF% ↑ PWV Hovsepian et al (2021) 41 Total = 26 Women = 26 T (n = 13): 20.23 years C (n = 13): 20.69 years T: 29.6 C: 32.34 T: 8.83 ± 3.71 C: 9.27 ± 5.01 HIIT, 4 × per week, 40 min, 85 to 90% HRmax, Duration: 10 weeks ↑ FMD (p < 0.01) ∆ T = 1.38 ∆ C = -1,20 ↑ VO 2 max ↓ BF% ↓ Weight FMD flow-mediated dilation, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HRmax maximum heart rate, HRres heart rate reserve, VO 2 peak peak rate of oxygen consumption, VO 2 max maximum oxygen consumption, T training group, C control group, HR heart rate, INA intensity not available, % BF percentage of body fat, WC waist circumference (cm), TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CRP C-reactive protein, EID endothelial-independent dilation of the brachial artery. …”

Resistance exercise training augments the immunomodulatory adaptations to aerobic high‐intensity interval training

“…This sub-study was a part of a project that was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of various exercise interventions on TLR4 responses in order to recommend the best therapeutic exercise strategy for people with overweight and obesity. The Ethics Committee approved the study (protocol #1596.039), and some findings were previously published (Hovsepian et al, 2019). The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines.…”

Acute effect of high-intensity interval exercise on vascular endothelial function and possible mechanisms of wall shear stress in young obese males

“…Significance (p value) Many studies have confirmed that HIIE improves vascular function in obese people, which has been attributed mainly to traditional cardiovascular risk factors (Sawyer et al, 2016;De Lorenzo et al, 2018;Hovsepian et al, 2021;Mendelson et al, 2022). This study analyzed the possible mechanism through which HIIT improves vascular endothelial function from the perspective of WSS.…”