The Effect of an Antihistamine (Promethazine) on Digital Flexor Tendon Healing in the Chicken

Lindsay, William K.; Walker, F. G.

doi:10.1097/00006534-196112000-00003

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Facilitation of tendon healing via PH was noted in chickens in 1961. 21 Prevention of peritoneal adhesions via PH was cited in rat in 1975. 9 We also reported that PH suppressed abnormal adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα-positive mesenchymal progenitors in skeletal muscle without overt adverse effects in an animal model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 In addition, muscle injection of PH was reported to promote the healing of the injured tendon of the digital flexor in chickens in 1961. 21 We thus injected 1 mg/kg/d of PH (100 mL of 6.2~9.4-mM PH [TCI P2029] in saline) in the quadriceps muscle twice a day from the first postoperative day for 2 weeks in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury.…”

Section: Drug Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 In addition, PH was reported to promote healing of the injured tendon of the digital flexor in chickens in 1961. 21 PH is one of the first-generation antihistamine agents, including ethopropazine and hydroxyzine. PH and ethopropazine are derivatives of phenothiazine.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Promethazine Downregulates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Increases the Biomechanical Forces of the Injured Achilles Tendon in the Early Stage of Healing

et al. 2022

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Background: Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses the differentiation of cultured tenocytes, but its roles in tendon repair remain mostly elusive. No chemical compounds are currently available to treat tendon injury. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling would accelerate tendon healing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Tendon-derived cells (TDCs) were isolated from rat Achilles tendons. The right Achilles tendon was injured via a dermal punch, while the left tendon was sham operated. A Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, IWR-1, and an antihistamine agent, promethazine (PH), were locally and intramuscularly injected, respectively, for 2 weeks after surgery. The healing tendons were histologically and biomechanically evaluated. Results: The amount of β-catenin protein was increased in the injured tendons from postoperative weeks 0.5 to 2. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by IWR-1 in healing tendons improved the histological abnormalities and decreased β-catenin, but it compromised the biomechanical properties. As we previously reported that antihistamine agents suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human chondrosarcoma cells, we examined the effects of antihistamines on TDCs. We found that a first-generation antihistamine agent, PH, increased the expression of the tendon marker genes Mkx and Tnmd in TDCs. Intramuscular injection of PH did not improve histological abnormalities, but it decreased β-catenin in healing tendons and increased the peak force and stiffness of the healing tendons on postoperative week 2. On postoperative week 8, however, the biomechanical properties of vehicle-treated tendons became similar to those of PH-treated tendons. Conclusion: IWR-1 and PH suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and improved the histological abnormalities of healing tendons. IWR-1, however, compromised the biomechanical properties of healing tendons, whereas PH improved them. Clinical Relevance: PH is a candidate repositioned drug that potentially accelerates tendon repair.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promethazine Downregulates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Increases the Biomechanical Forces of the Injured Achilles Tendon in the Early Stage of Healing

et al. 2022

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“…We measured the gliding force and the angle of flexion simultaneously in a chicken model (Lindsay and Walker, 1961) of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon injury in the long toe used to induce tendon adhesion. We also histologically examined the extent of tendon adhesion using three-dimensional ultrasound imaging to select the sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendon adhesion measured by a video-assisted gliding test in a chicken model

Hung

Lee

et al. 2010

J Hand Surg Eur Vol

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We developed a video-assisted gliding test to evaluate the gliding force and the flexion angle with unrestricted joint motion. Tendon adhesion was induced in a chicken model of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) injury at the annular pulley region of the long toe. The chicken feet were harvested immediately after injury, and 2 weeks and 6 weeks after injury. During the gliding test, the injured FDP was pulled for 15 mm then returned to its initial position. The test was recorded using a video camera and registered to the gliding test mechanical data. The maximum flexion angle and gliding resistance were calculated. The maximum flexion angle was significantly decreased from 78 (SD 10) in controls to 42 (SD 22) in tendons with injury, while gliding resistance was significantly increased in week 2 (0.06, SD 0.05) and week 6 (0.07, SD 0.01) after injury.

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History and performance of implant materials applied as peritendinous antiadhesives

Bürgisser

Buschmann

2014

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Peritendinous fibrotic adhesions after tendon surgery are still a problem up-to-date. Approaches to overcome or at least minimize adhesion formation include implantation of barrier materials, application of lubricants or combinations of materials and functionalized drugs that are controllably released and support the healing tendon to glide and achieve the full range of motion after regeneration. Although a huge amount of different materials have been experimentally tested, the optimal strategy with respect to material and method has not yet been determined. In this review, we present a historical overview of physical barriers as well as liquid agents that have been used in order to prevent peritendinous adhesion formation. The materials are divided according to their first publication into two time frames; before and after 1980. There is no claim to include all materials tested neither will the "best" material be chosen; however, we present several materials that were experimentally tested in different animal trials as well as in clinical trials in contrast to other materials that were only tested once and disappeared from the assortment of anti-adhesives; which as such is a valuable information about its applicability for this purpose.

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The Effect of an Antihistamine (Promethazine) on Digital Flexor Tendon Healing in the Chicken

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Promethazine Downregulates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Increases the Biomechanical Forces of the Injured Achilles Tendon in the Early Stage of Healing

Promethazine Downregulates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Increases the Biomechanical Forces of the Injured Achilles Tendon in the Early Stage of Healing

Tendon adhesion measured by a video-assisted gliding test in a chicken model

History and performance of implant materials applied as peritendinous antiadhesives

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