The effect of bamboo extract on hepatic biotransforming enzymes – Findings from an obese–diabetic mouse model

Abstract

Aim of the study Bamboo leaves are used as a component in traditional Chinese medicine for the anti-inflammatory function. Our previous studies have demonstrated that an ethanol/water extract from Phyllostachys edulis ameliorated obesity-associated chronic systemic inflammation in mice, and therefore relieving the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this project was to further investigate the effects of this bamboo extract on hepatic biotransformation enzymes in both lean and obese mice, as an initial step in the toxicological evaluation of using this traditional medicine in obese/diabetic population. Materials and methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to 4 groups and fed standard (10% kcal from fat) diet with or without bamboo extract supplementation at a dose of 10 gram per kilogram diet (n = 10 and n = 9, respectively), or high fat (45% kcal from fat) diet with or without bamboo extract (n = 8 and N = 7, respectively). The dietary treatment lasted for 6 months. Subsequently, the activities and expression of the major Phase I and II hepatic biotransformation enzymes were assessed in subcellular fractions from murine livers. Results Three groups of mice, lean bamboo extract-supplemented, obese/diabetic, and bamboo extract-supplemented obese/diabetic, showed greater activities of cytochromes P450 1a2 and 3a11 compared to control but no changes in the expression level of these proteins. For Phase II enzymes, bamboo extract supplementation in lean mice caused decreased glutathione-S-transferase activity (−12%) and greater uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase activity (+46%), but had no effect on sulfotransferase activity. Conversely, the obese/diabetic condition itself increased glutathione-S-transferase and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase activities, but decreased total sulfotransferase activity and sulfotransferase 2a1 expression. Conclusions Bamboo extract and obesity/diabetes show significant independent effects on hepatic bio-transformation as well as interaction effects in mice. These changes may alter the clearance of endo-and xenobiotics, including bamboo extract itself, hence this effect should be carefully considered in the medicinal application of bamboo extract as it has potential to alter its own metabolism and that of other medications concurrently administered to obese diabetic patients.

Protective effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. extracts against abnormal expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes in diabetic rats

“…25 Our results showed that the expression of hepatic SULT 1A1 and SULT 2A1 mRNAs in diabetic rats were dramatically reduced compared with normal rats (Fig. 2E; p < 0.05).…”

“…It was previously reported that the mRNA and protein levels of UGTs 1A1, 1A6, 1A7, 2B1, and 1A9 were reduced in livers of obese rats and mice. [23][24][25] Our results revealed that the expression levels of hepatic UGT 1A7 and UGT 2B1 mRNAs were signicantly decreased in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats ( Fig. 2A and 3B, p < 0.05).…”

Drug-Metabolizing and Antioxidant Enzymes in Monosodium L-Glutamate Obese Mice

“…In the current study, catalytic activity detected using CDNB, the universal GST substrate, was lower in liver from obese animals than from lean mice. On the contrary, Koide et al (2011) reported higher total GST activity in obese/diabetic mice. Similar to our results, Roe et al (1999) reported lower GST activity in genetically obese (ob/ob) male mice than in lean counterparts.…”

The effects of bamboo leaf extract on growth performance, antioxidant traits, immune function and lipid metabolism of weaning piglets

“…In addition, a recent scientific paper focused on the anti-oxidant mechanism of bamboo extracts, which revealed that anti-oxidants from bamboo-protected cells against oxidative damage through induction of expression of phase II enzyme genes (Kweon et al, 2006). Furthermore, Koide et al (2011) found that bamboo extracts showed lesser regulatory effects on Phase II enzymes in comparison with those on Phase I enzymes. In the modern environment, Phase I and II enzymes are vital for cell survival because they catalyse the conversion of xenobiotic or reactive free radicals into less toxic products via oxidation or conjugation and provoke the expression of Phase II detoxifying genes.…”