The effect of body composition and serum inflammatory markers on the functional muscle–bone unit in premenopausal women

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A number of recent studies dealing with the relationship between the effects of high body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) on bone mass and strength exhibit a range of contrasting variations in their findings. These diverse findings have led to an ongoing controversy as to whether high BM and FM positively or negatively affect bone mass and strength. Excessive FM and the associated low-grade inflammation might overturn the higher mechanical stimulus arising from a higher BM. Therefore, we aimed at quantifying the functional muscle-bone unit in premenopausal women with markedly diverging body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixty-four young women with BMs ranging from 50 to 113 kg and body fat percentages between 20.7% and 51.8% underwent jumping mechanography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements. Maximum voluntary ground reaction force during multiple one-legged hopping (F m1LH ), as well as bone characteristics at 4, 14 and 38% of tibia length, were determined. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serum inflammatory markers were analyzed from blood samples. RESULTS: F m1LH predicted volumetric bone mineral content at the 14% site by 48.7%. Women with high body fat percentage had significantly higher F m1LH , significantly lower relative bone mass, relative bone strength and relative bone area, as well as higher serum inflammatory markers in comparison to women with lower body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, high body fat percentage was associated with lower relative bone mass and strength despite normal habitual muscle force in premenopausal women, indicating that high body fat percentage compromised the functional musclebone unit in these individuals.

Comparison of Conventional and Individualized 1-MET Values for Expressing Maximum Aerobic Metabolic Rate and Habitual Activity Related Energy Expenditure

“…For comparison purposes, Swiss men with a mean age of 42 years had a relative body fat percentage of 21.0% [68], which is a slightly elevated value. In a sample of Swiss women ( n = 64) with a mean age of 27 years, more than two-thirds (70.3%) had a body fat percentage ≥30% [69], which indicates the presence of a high percentage of plump women. Since fat mass is the strongest predictor of the variability of resting VO 2 [17], such differences in body composition (higher relative FFM in the present study) might explain the higher individual 1-MET value of the controls compared to the values reported in the literature.…”

Conditioned medium of PC‑3 prostate cancer cells affects microRNA and mRNA profiles in mechanically strained osteoblasts

“…The physiological strain of human weight-bearing bone is generally <2,000 µε (12). In Frost's bone function adaptability model, 50-2,500 µε is considered strain in the physiological range (13,14). Previous studies of osteoblasts cultured in vitro revealed that mechanical tensile strain of 2,500 µε at 0.5 Hz could promote osteogenic differentiation and improve osteogenic function (15)(16)(17), and that mechanical tensile strain of 2,500 µε at 0.5 Hz could be regarded as normal physiological load (17).…”

The association between dietary inflammatory index, muscle strength, muscle endurance, and body composition in Iranian adults

“…Results of a large study also showed that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) z-score, wrist circumference, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and parental BM (17). Moreover, higher serum levels of anti-inflammatory markers are considered to play a protective role on fat free mass (FFM) (18,19). Given that there is currently no study that has evaluated the association between DII and muscle and anthropometric indices, in an Iranian population, the aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between DII and muscle endurance, strength, and body composition in middle aged adults in Iran.…”