A significant increase in biomedical applications of nanomaterials and their potential toxicity demand versatile analytical techniques to determine protein – nanoparticle (NP) interactions. These diverse analytical techniques are reviewed. Spectroscopic methods play a significant role in studying binding affinity, binding ratio, and binding mechanisms. To elucidate NP-proteome interactions, chromatography and electrophoresis techniques are applied to separate NP-bound proteins and Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to identify these proteins. Since NP-protein binding is a dynamic event, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) are methods of choice to study kinetics of NP-protein binding.