The effect of breed-type and castration on bone growth and distribution in cattle

Shahin, KA; Berg, R. van der; Price, M. A.

doi:10.1051/rnd:19920503

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Castrated males exhibit longer and more slender long bones (e.g. the metapodia), which may be identified through osteometric analyses (Davis, 2000;Shahin et al, 1992;Wilson et al, 1982). The age of castration affects the morphology of the bones and the effects on the development of the skeleton are more obvious in animals castrated at young age than animals castrated as adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteometric and molecular sexing of cattle metapodia

Telldahl¹,

Svensson²,

Götherström³

et al. 2012

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteometric and molecular sexing of cattle metapodia

Telldahl¹,

Svensson²,

Götherström³

et al. 2012

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…On average, steers were 1.8 cm taller ( p = 0.03) than bulls at the hip ( Table 2 ). Castrated animals being taller than their bull counterparts at comparative ages has been previously reported [ 39 , 40 ]. The suppressed secretion of androgens with castration leads to this prolonged growth of the epiphyseal plate that results in a disproportionate increase in the long bones in castrated males [ 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Castrated animals being taller than their bull counterparts at comparative ages has been previously reported [39,40]. The suppressed secretion of androgens with castration leads to this prolonged growth of the epiphyseal plate that results in a disproportionate increase in the long bones in castrated males [39]. By design, animals were harvested when body weight reached 480 kg.…”

Section: The Main Effects Of Castrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sex Class, a Combined Androgen and Estrogen Implant, and Pasture Supplementation on Growth and Carcass Performance and Meat Quality of Zebu-Type Grass-Fed Cattle

Huerta-Leidenz

Jerez-Timaure

Sarturi

et al. 2021

Animals

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Forty-seven Zebu calves were used to determine the effects of class (bull or steer), supplementation (SUPPL, a poultry litter-based supplement or mineral supplementation), and implant (20 mg estradiol combined with 120 mg of trenbolone acetate or no implant) on growth and carcass performance and beef eating quality. The average daily gain (ADG) of implanted cattle significantly increased for steers, but not for bulls. The SUPPL treatment increased ADG by 8.63% from day 0 to end, and shortened in 73.3 d the time to reach 480 kg BW (p < 0.01). Compared to bulls, the steer carcasses exhibited more desirable maturity and finish scores, thicker back fat (p < 0.05), and yielded greater (p < 0.01) percentages of high-value boneless subprimals (HVBLS) (+1.64%) and total cuts (1.35%). The SUPPL bulls dressed 2.63 and 1.63% greater than non-supplemented bulls and SUPPL steers, respectively (p < 0.05). Meat sensory quality was subtly affected (p < 0.05) by sex class or supplementation. The implant did not affect (p > 0.05) shear force or sensory ratings. The supplementation improved key growth performance traits while it adversely affected tenderness-related sensory traits. The implant enhanced the rate of gain of steers only, without improving cut-out yields or inducing adverse effects on palatability traits in both steers and bulls.

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“…Lastly, the strength of castration (the “ Age, methods, and strengths of castration ” section) might affect skeletal development as it allows gradations of emasculation (Skjenneberg and Slagsvold 1979 , p 279; Paine 1994 , pp 25–28). It is probable that the differences in bone development between the groups are directly due to hormone secretion and testosterone production in particular, which is known to cause the epiphysis to fuse with the diaphysis (e.g., Short 1980 ; Shahin et al 1992 ). This leads us to think that more heavily castrated reindeer might be more affected by castration than reindeer that underwent a lighter form of castration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By reason of the observation in other ungulate species that castrated males exhibit longer and more slender long bones (e.g., Davis 2000 ; Shahin et al 1992 ), we employed Mennerich’s indices ( 1968 ). We plotted Mennerich indices 1 and 3 by calculating the smallest diaphysis breadth (SD) × 100/greatest length (GL) and distal breadth (Bd)/greatest length (GL) × 100, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The osteometric identification of castrated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and the significance of castration in tracing human-animal relationships in the North

Berg

Wallén

Salmi

2022

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Reindeer are the only domestic cervid and have formed the cosmologies and practical daily lives of numerous peoples in the Northern Hemisphere for thousands of years. The questions of when, how, and where reindeer domestication originated and how it developed remain one of the scientific enigmas of our time. The practice of reindeer castration is an essential feature of all communities practicing reindeer herding today. It has probably been one of the most important interventions in the reindeer’s life cycle and biology that marked the start of domesticating human-reindeer relationships long ago. Castration is and has been essential for reindeer taming, control, training, herd management, and ritual practices. Unsuitably, to this present day, there are no methods zooarchaeologists can employ to distinguish a reindeer gelding from a reindeer bull in the archaeological record. In this current paper, we outline a new method that presents the possibility of differentiating between full males, castrated males, and females based on osteometric features. We measured the leg bones and pelvis of the complete or partial skeletons of 97 adult modern domestic reindeer individuals to determine the precise effects castration has on skeletal size and morphology. We explored our osteometric dataset with different statistical methods. We found a clear separation of the two male groups in the radioulna, humerus, and femur but in the tibia and metapodials to a lesser extent. Osteometric depth and width were generally more affected than the longitudinal axis. Females were easily distinguishable from castrates and full males based on nearly every bone measurement. Our analysis shows that reindeer castration can be proven through osteometric analysis.

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The effect of breed-type and castration on bone growth and distribution in cattle

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Osteometric and molecular sexing of cattle metapodia

Osteometric and molecular sexing of cattle metapodia

Effects of Sex Class, a Combined Androgen and Estrogen Implant, and Pasture Supplementation on Growth and Carcass Performance and Meat Quality of Zebu-Type Grass-Fed Cattle

The osteometric identification of castrated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and the significance of castration in tracing human-animal relationships in the North

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