The effect of cadence on timing of muscle activation and mechanical output in cycling: On the activation dynamics hypothesis

McGhie, David; Ettema, Gertjan

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.04.007

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For example, the kind of forehand preparation and the height of the player may influence the capacity of adaptation to the temporal constrain. This inter-individual variability was also observed in a recent study in cycling (McGhie and Ettema, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Relationship between muscle coordination and forehand drive velocity in tennis

Rota

Hautier

Creveaux

et al. 2012

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Relationship between muscle coordination and forehand drive velocity in tennis

Rota

Hautier

Creveaux

et al. 2012

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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“…However, from a practical standing, these changes are quite large: to obtain a change of 3° in the seat–crank angle, the seat was shifted approximately 4 cm. Furthermore, changes in other technique variables caused by such position changes have been detected: unpublished results from our laboratory indicate that the 6° rotation of the cyclist (inclined position) or the lower extremities (by seat position) cause a phase shift of the crank cycle (see also McGhie and Ettema 2011) of the same amount (i.e., 6 degrees); Umberger et al (1998) reported relatively small but significant changes in power at maximal effort (about 4 W per degree seat–crank angle) and hip angles (about 1 degree degree −1 ). Thus, the relatively small range of body orientation used in this study should not be considered as a limiting factor for detection of its effect on technique and energy consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The relationship between cadence, pedalling technique and gross efficiency in cycling

Leirdal

Ettema

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Technique and energy saving are two variables often considered as important for performance in cycling and related to each other. Theoretically, excellent pedalling technique should give high gross efficiency (GE). The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between pedalling technique and GE. 10 well-trained cyclists were measured for GE, force effectiveness (FE) and dead centre size (DC) at a work rate corresponding to ~75% of VO2max during level and inclined cycling, seat adjusted forward and backward, at three different cadences around their own freely chosen cadence (FCC) on an ergometer. Within subjects, FE, DC and GE decreased as cadence increased (p < 0.001). A strong relationship between FE and GE was found, which was to great extent explained by FCC. The relationship between cadence and both FE and GE, within and between subjects, was very similar, irrespective of FCC. There was no difference between level and inclined cycling position. The seat adjustments did not affect FE, DC and GE or the relationship between them. Energy expenditure is strongly coupled to cadence, but force effectiveness, as a measure for pedalling technique, is not likely the cause of this relationship. FE, DC and GE are not affected by body orientation or seat adjustments, indicating that these parameters and the relationship between them are robust to coordinative challenges within a range of cadence, body orientation and seat position that is used in regular cycling.

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“…Detailed descriptions of the calculations of joint powers for the lower limbs have been described previously [6], but in brief the calculations were done using inverse dynamics for a linked system of rigid segments [19–21]. Parameters for calculating masses and moments of inertia were taken from Van Soest et al [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cadence on Shank Muscle Oxygen Consumption and Deoxygenation in Relation to Joint Specific Power and Cycling Kinematics

2017

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cadence on joint specific power and cycling kinematics in the ankle joint in addition to muscle oxygenation and muscle VO2 in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior. Thirteen cyclists cycled at a cadence of 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 rpm at a constant external work rate of 160.1 ± 21.3 W. Increasing cadence led to a decrease in ankle power in the dorsal flexion phase and to an increase in ankle joint angular velocity above 80 rpm. In addition, increasing cadence increased deoxygenation and desaturation for both the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. Muscle VO2 increased following increased cadence but only in the tibialis anterior and only at cadences above 80 rpm, thus coinciding with the increase in ankle joint angular velocity. There was no effect of cadence in the gastrocnemius. This study demonstrates that high cadences lead to increased mVO2 in the TA muscles that cannot be explained by power in the dorsal flexion phase.

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The effect of cadence on timing of muscle activation and mechanical output in cycling: On the activation dynamics hypothesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Relationship between muscle coordination and forehand drive velocity in tennis

Relationship between muscle coordination and forehand drive velocity in tennis

The relationship between cadence, pedalling technique and gross efficiency in cycling

The Effect of Cadence on Shank Muscle Oxygen Consumption and Deoxygenation in Relation to Joint Specific Power and Cycling Kinematics

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