The Effect of Catalyst Ratio on the Pyrolysis Yields for Waste Tyre

Abstract

This paper focus on the thermal pyrolysis of used tyre with different catalysts at a temperature 550°C and at a heating rate of 15°C/min. The effect of process parameters on liquid yield, char formation and volatiles were also studied. In the present work, thermal pyrolysis of waste tyre samples with two selected catalysts, namely Jordan zeolite (zeolite Jo) and activated alumina was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The catalyst was mixed with feedstock in different percentages (10%, 15%, 25% and 35% w/w). The effects of catalysts and their ratio on the pyrolysis product oil were investigated and the results were compared with the results of experiments performed without catalyst under the same conditions (temperature 550°C at a heating rate of 150C/min). The maximum liquid yield obtained from pyrolysis of waste tyre via catalyst were found as 49.32% and 51.54% on using activated alumina and zeolite Jo as catalysts, respectively, while these values were 42.48%, without catalyst. The mass loss of tyre was examined using the thermo gravimetric analysis profiles (TGA) at heating rate of 15°C/min in air atmosphere from room temperature up to 600°C. The tyre pyrolysis liquid product has been characterized including fuel properties, proximate analysis, and ultimate analysis and FTIR. Fuel properties show that it can be used as liquid fuels.

The effect of pre‐pyrolysis chemical treatment of waste tyre rubber crumbs: comparison between pre‐treated and conventional waste tyre‐derived oil

“…30 Several studies have been done on the use of catalysts in tyre pyrolysis as it was a breakthrough. [31][32][33] The TDO produced when using catalysts showed improvements in physical properties and resembled those of commercial diesel. Osayi and Osifo 34 conducted a study comparing the physical properties of uncatalysed and catalysed (zeolite NaY catalyst) TDO and commercial diesel.…”

“…The use of catalysts in the pyrolysis process not only enhances the reaction kinetics by cracking high‐molecular‐weight compounds into lighter compounds, but also lowers the activation energy of the pyrolysis system 30 . Several studies have been done on the use of catalysts in tyre pyrolysis as it was a breakthrough 31‐33 . The TDO produced when using catalysts showed improvements in physical properties and resembled those of commercial diesel.…”

Combustion engine applications of waste tyre pyrolytic oil

“…There are also some novel technologies, such as microwave [39,40] and ultrasonic [41][42][43]. Moreover, various catalysts can be used to increase the yield in a process called catalytic pyrolysis [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Typical catalysts are copper nitrate, ZSM-5 zeolite, magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (NaCO3), zeolite and activated alumina.…”

“…GCV can range from 41.6 to 44.8 MJ/kg [69,72,84,[132][133][134][135]. Some studies, with calorific values ranging from 39.2 to 48.7 MJ/kg, fail to specify the method used for its determination [51,55,87,[136][137][138]. This spread of values stems from differences in feedstock quality and different pyrolysis process parameters.…”

Combustion and emission characteristics analysis of waste tyre pyrolysis oil

“…Cost analysis showed that rubber tyre pyrolysis tyre oil is cost effective compared to oil from furnace for forging industry. Banihani et al [27] adopted the thermal pyrolysis method of waste tyre in presence of catalyst to prepare oil in which the effect of catalysts and their ratio on the pyrolysis product oil is investigated and found that the maximum liquid yield obtained from pyrolysis of waste tyre with catalyst like activated alumina and zeolite as 49.32% and 51.54% compared to 42.48% without catalyst. Ramirez-Canon et al [28] analyzed the effect of liquid fraction of TPO on environment and found that the presence of hydrogen stream improves the appearance of fuel and also reduces the sulphur content, water and sediments and increases the heating capacity of fuel.…”