The effect of cocoa polyphenols on the growth, metabolism, and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Percival, Rimondia S.; DeVine, Deirdre; Duggal, M. S.; Chartron, Sylvie; Marsh, Philip

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00386.x

Cited by 97 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This could be related to polyphenols action as mediators in cell membrane and oxidative phosphorylation at low concentrations (Scalbert et al, 2005). However, only recently, polyphenols in fruits and leaves have received attention regarding their antibacterial effect upon microorganisms in biofilms (Huber et al, 2003;Duarte et al, 2006;Percival et al, 2006). Hence, the aim of this study is to screen the gradient fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) and crude ethyl acetate extract of the leaf, crude ethanol extract of the stem and crude ethanol extract of the stem for antimicrobial activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of Carpolobia lutea extracts and fractions

Nwidu¹,

Nwafor²,

Vilegas³

2012

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Carpolobia lutea (G. Don) (Polygalaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant putative in traditional medicines against gonorrhea, gingivitis, infertility, antiulcer and malaria. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial, antifungal and antihelicobacter effects of extracts C. lutea leaf, stem and root. The extracts were examined using the disc-diffusion and Microplates of 96 wells containing Muller-Hinton methods against some bacterial strains: (ATCC 43504). Some of these extracts were found to be active against some tested strains but activity against H. pylori was >1000mg/ml and good fungistatic activity against C. albican. The MIC against C. albican is in the order n-HF > CHF > ETF= EAF.The order of potency of fraction was the ethanol root > n-HF leaf > ethanol fraction stem > chloroform fraction leaf = ethyl acetate fraction leaf. Polyphenols were demonstrated in ethanol fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, crude ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract, respectively. These polyphenols isolated may partly explain and support the use of C. lutea for the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional Ibibio medicine of Nigeria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of Carpolobia lutea extracts and fractions

Nwidu¹,

Nwafor²,

Vilegas³

2012

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…Among their reported contribution for human health, there are the antioxidant (Jalil and Ismail, 2008), antiinflammatory (Selmi et al, 2008), anticarcinogenic (Fotsis et al, 1997;Maskarinec, 2009), immunomodulatory, vasodilatory and analgesic (Wollgast and Anklam, 2000), and antimicrobial (Osawa et al, 1990;Percival et al, 2006;Summa et al, 2008;Fapohunda and Afolayan, 2012) activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of fermented Theobroma cacao pod husk extract

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT. Theobroma cacao L. contains more than 500 different chemical compounds some of which have been traditionally used for their antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, vasodilatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. Spontaneous aerobic fermentation of cacao husks yields a crude husk extract (CHE) with antimicrobial activity. CHE was fractioned by solvent partition with polar solvent extraction or by silica gel chromatography and a total of 12 subfractions were analyzed for chemical composition and bioactivity. CHE was effective against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa. Antibacterial activity was determined using 6 strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella choleraesuis (Gram-negative). At doses up to 10 mg/mL, CHE was not effective against the Gram-positive bacteria tested but against medically important P. aeruginosa and S. choleraesuis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.0 mg/mL. Sub-fractions varied widely in activity and strongest antibacterial activity was seen with CHE8 against S. choleraesuis (MIC of 1.0 mg/mL) and CHE9 against S. epidermidis (MIC of 2.5 mg/mL). All bioactive CHE fractions contained phenols, steroids, or terpenes, but no saponins. Fraction CHE9 contained flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, and terpenes, amino acids, and alkaloids, while CHE12 had the same compounds but lacked flavonoids.

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“…It has long been known that polyphenols, such as flavonoid and epicatechin, are efficient scavengers of free radicals (Sichel et al, 1991). Plant polyphenols (PP) have also exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria that cause food-borne diseases (Taguri et al, 2004;Percival et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2009). Previous reports have shown that polyphenols from olive leaves exert great antimicrobial activity (Sudjana et al, 2009), tea polyphenols improve the balance of gut microflora in calves (Ishihara et al, 2001) and inhibit the proliferation of Chlamydia (Yamazaki et al, 2003), apple polyphenol extracts prevent damage to human gastric epithelial cells (Graziani et al, 2005), and polyphenols from grape seeds could prevent oxidative damage to cellular DNA in vitro (Fan and Lou, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Plasma Antioxidant Activity in Weaned Piglets by Plant Polyphenols

Zhang

Jiang

Mantovani

et al. 2014

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant polyphenols (PP) on antioxidant activity in weaned piglets. First, a uniform design, one optimising an experimental technique that can rationally arrange the concentrations of mixture components, was used to obtain the best PP mixture of apple, grape seed, green tea and olive leaf polyphenols based on in vitro antioxidant capacity and inhibitory action on bacterial growth. Second, the optimised PP mixture was tested in vivo with an efficacy trial on piglets. The optimal effects of the mix were observed in vitro when apple, grape seed, green tea, olive leaf polyphenols and a carrier (silicon dioxide) accounted for 16.5, 27.5, 30, 2.5 and 23.5%, respectively, of the mixture. Forty-eight weaned piglets were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments (6 replicates of 4 piglets each per treatment) and fed a control diet (CTR) or CTR supplemented with 0.1% of the optimised PP mixture. Dietary PP did not affect growth performance compared to the CTR group. Plasma total protein, urea nitrogen and lysozyme content were not affected by dietary treatment. No differences of E. coli or Clostridia counts in the faeces and caecum content between the CTR and PP groups were observed. A reduced malondialdehyde concentration in the PP group was observed on day 21 compared to the CTR group (P=0.02). In conclusion, the prepared PP mixture has the potential to improve plasma antioxidant activity.

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The effect of cocoa polyphenols on the growth, metabolism, and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Cited by 97 publications

References 35 publications

Antimicrobial activity of <i>Carpolobia lutea</i> extracts and fractions

Antimicrobial activity of <i>Carpolobia lutea</i> extracts and fractions

Antimicrobial activity of fermented Theobroma cacao pod husk extract

Modulation of Plasma Antioxidant Activity in Weaned Piglets by Plant Polyphenols

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