The effect of fast mixing conditions on the coagulation–flocculation process of highly turbid suspensions using liquid bittern coagulant

BinAhmed, Sara; Ayoub, G. M.; Al‐Hindi, Mahmoud; Azizi, Fouad

doi:10.1080/19443994.2014.933043

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The alum-based coagulant, on the other hand, had an irreversible effect on the floc recovery after the breakage. In agreement with other studies, mixing at 120 rpm for half a minute is required, in order to form larger flocs of highly turbid water [98]. The study also found that rapid mixing was connected to slow mixing, due to the flocs' resistance throughout the slow mixing phase.…”

Section: Coagulant Concentrations and Mixing Conditionssupporting

confidence: 91%

The Application of Modified Natural Polymers in Toxicant Dye Compounds Wastewater: A Review

Ishak

Murshed

Akil

et al. 2020

Water

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The utilization of various types of natural and modified polymers for removing toxicant dyes in wastewater generated by the dye industry is reviewed in this article. Dye wastewater contains large amounts of metals, surfactants, and organic matter, which have adverse effects on human health, potentially causing skin diseases and respiratory problems. The removal of dyes from wastewaters through chemical and physical processes has been addressed by many researchers. Currently, the use of natural and modified polymers for the removal of dyes from wastewater is becoming more common. Although modified polymers are preferred for the removal of dyes, due to their biodegradability and non-toxic nature, large amounts of polymers are required, resulting in higher costs. Surface-modified polymers are more effective for the removal of dyes from the wastewater. A survey of 80 recently published papers demonstrates that modified polymers have outstanding dye removal capabilities, and thus have a high applicability in industrial wastewater treatment.

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Section: Coagulant Concentrations and Mixing Conditionssupporting

confidence: 91%

The Application of Modified Natural Polymers in Toxicant Dye Compounds Wastewater: A Review

Ishak

Murshed

Akil

et al. 2020

Water

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“…The coagulation processes are usually followed by flocculation and sedimentation stages in water treatment facilities, with the phases visualized in Figure 1 . A specific mixing speed, intensity, and time are needed to accelerate the rate of particle collision [ 5 , 38 ]. The collision of flocs will create an agglomeration of particles that have a high settling velocity [ 39 ].…”

Section: Conventional Process Using Coagulants and Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixing is crucial in coagulation and flocculation processes. The basis of mixing in the processes comprises fast mixing to promote the interaction of coagulants/flocculants with suspended particles and the formation of microflocs [ 38 ] and slow mixing to promote the aggregation of microflocs and formation of large flocs. An excessively low mixing speed and considerably short mixing time can decrease the rate of floc formation, whereas an excessively fast mixing speed and considerably long mixing time can promote floc breakdown, causing low settling efficiency [ 3 ].…”

Section: Conventional Process Using Coagulants and Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery

Kurniawan

Abdullah

Imron

et al. 2020

IJERPH

194

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The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation–flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.

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“…It has a suspended and colloidal nature and is difficult to clarify naturally [1,2]. Coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation are considered to be the most common processes for particle removal [3][4][5]. Compared with other methods, these processes improved the removal efficiency of suspended solids by charge neutralization and sweeping effects [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cone-Plate Clarifier Structure Parameters on Flocculation Efficiency

Liu¹,

Xiao²,

Chang³

et al. 2021

Separations

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In this study, a coal mine water flocculation system was established. A series of flocculation tests were carried out at different structural parameters (cylinder height, cone-plate insertion depth and cone-plate spacing) to better investigate the effect of the cone-plate clarifier on coal mine water treatment performance. Sixteen sampling points were set up in the system for data monitoring to generate the required data. The cone-plate clarifier was divided into five zones for flocculation analysis. The increased cylinder height facilitated the flocculation of particles in the micro flocculation zone and the settling of particles in the settlement zone. The chemicals used are polyaluminum chloride (PACl), Fe3O4 and polyacrylamide (PAM), corresponding to doses of 60 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 6 mg/L, respectively. Insufficient insertion depth of the cone-plate will cause the small flocs that have not been fully flocculated to enter the exit pipe zone directly through the cone-plate, while too much insertion depth will cause the large floc in the settlement zone to re-enter the exit pipe zone. The flocculation effect of small flocs increased as the cone-plate spacing decreased, which is consistent with the shallow pool theory. When the cone plate spacing was too narrow, the amount of fluid was reduced and the increase in fluid velocity reduced the flocculation effect. Curve fitting was conducted for Suspended solids(SS) and turbidity removal efficiency under each structural parameter to derive the variation of SS and turbidity removal efficiency under different structural parameters. The regression models of SS and turbidity removal efficiency on the cylinder height, cone-plate insertion depth and cone-plate spacing were established based on the curve fitting results, and the regression models were verified to be well fitted based on the comparison of experimental results. Finally, the optimal values of SS and turbidity removal efficiency were found based on the regression model. The flow rate of the cone-plate clarifier is 0.6 m3/h. The SS removal efficiency reached 96.82% when the cylinder height was 708 mm, the cone-plate insertion depth was 367 mm and the cone-plate spacing was 26 mm. The turbidity removal efficiency reached 86.75% when the cylinder height was 709 mm, the cone-plate insertion depth was 369 mm and the cone-plate spacing was 26 mm.

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The effect of fast mixing conditions on the coagulation–flocculation process of highly turbid suspensions using liquid bittern coagulant

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

The Application of Modified Natural Polymers in Toxicant Dye Compounds Wastewater: A Review

The Application of Modified Natural Polymers in Toxicant Dye Compounds Wastewater: A Review

Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery

Effect of Cone-Plate Clarifier Structure Parameters on Flocculation Efficiency

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