The effect of firing temperatures on phase formation, microstructure and dielectric properties of Bi0.5(Na0.74K0.16Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics synthesized via the combustion route

Quantitative structural analysis, phase transition and relaxor nature of Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 ceramic prepared by mechanical alloying

“…The magnitude of dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency and the maxima are shifting towards higher temperature indicating dielectric polarization is of relaxation type. The observed two dielectric anomalies in all frequencies can be explained as (1) the first curve at temperature (133.32°C) Td, attributes to the transformation of phase from ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric [23] and (2) in the second curve phase transformed from anti ferroelectric phase to paraelectric and maximum dielectric constant was observed at a temperature of 362.921°C (T c ). Both T d and T c decreases as the frequency increases.…”

Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of (Bi,Na)TiO3–(Bi,Li)TiO3–(Bi,K)TiO3 ceramics for accelerometer application

“…In the case of the ceramic sintered at 1160°C, the XRD pattern revealed a secondary phase (marked by the arrow) that was assigned to M 2 Ti 6 O 13 . It has been reported that a possible M could be K and/or Li and/or Na and the formation of this secondary phase at a higher sintering temperature is the result of slight changes in the stoichiometric ratio due to highly volatile alkaline elements.…”