The Effect of Fuel Injection Rate and Timing on the Physical, Chemical, and Biological Character of Particulate Emissions from a Direct Injection Diesel

Campbell, J. Argyll; Scholl, Jackson P.; Hibbler, F.; Bagley, Susan T.; Leddy, David G.; Abata, Duane L.; Johnson, John H.

doi:10.4271/810996

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(There was insufficient mass available for the base-line VOC methanolic fraction to be reassayed with these nitro-reductase-deficient strains.) These results indicate, as found in previous studies with diesel (20,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) and gasoline (36) particulate extracts, that the direct mutagens are concentrated in a relatively small fractional mass of the extractable organics and that the mutagenicity is due, in part, to the presence of nitro-substituted PAH.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Characterization of mutagenic subfractions of diesel exhaust modified by ceramic particulate traps

Dorie¹,

Bagley²,

Leddy³

et al. 1987

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Protocols were developed for collection and characterization of heavy-duty diesel exhaust hydrocarbons. Dichloromethane extracts of particulate and gaseous-phase samples were partitioned between hexane and methanol, and the highly mutagenic (Ames TA98) methanolic fractions were further separated with reverse-phase HPLC. Twenty-eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including 4 nitro-and 13 oxy-PAH derivatives, were tentatively identified in the active (moderately polar) HPLC fractions with GC/MS. In terms of raw exhaust emissions (milligrams per cubic meter), the use of the ceramic traps caused reduced levels of particulate and associated organic compounds. Total mutagenic activity also decreased with the traps, but to a lesser extent than the decrease in particulate. Many of the identified PAH were common to both the particulate and gaseous-phase samples collected under the same conditions. Calculated hydrocarbon balances showed that more hydrocarbons passed through the samplers when the ceramic traps were used.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Characterization of mutagenic subfractions of diesel exhaust modified by ceramic particulate traps

Dorie¹,

Bagley²,

Leddy³

et al. 1987

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Campbell et al [52] found that increasing the fuel injection rate at the same injection timing reduces the smoke opacity originated from HC emissions.…”

Section: Injection Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing effects of recirculated gases during cranking on cold start of diesel engines

Rofail

Henein

Bryzik

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of recirculating engine-out gases into the intake manifold on the cold start of direct-injection diesel engines is investigated. Two types of recirculation are examined. The first is low-pressure recirculation of engine-out gases into the intake manifold where their rate is controlled by a gas recirculation (GR) valve installed between the exhaust and intake manifold. The second is high-pressure recirculation by restricting the flow of the engine-out gases using a butterfly (BF) valve, installed in the exhaust system after the turbocharger to increase the back pressure and the rate of recirculated gases. Since there is no combustion during cranking, these gases contain evaporated hydrocarbons and partial oxidation products, mostly formaldehyde (HCHO). Experimental investigations on a four-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine indicated that high rates of cranking gas recirculation (CGR) increase the ignition delay and lengthen the cranking period. Since higher concentrations of hydrocarbons (HC) are expected to enhance the autoignition process, it is suspected that the recirculated HCHO would have an opposite effect. These opposing effects are investigated using the ChemKin diesel cycle simulation model. The model results demonstrated the effect of HCHO on slowing the autoignition and combustion reactions.

show abstract

“…Unburned hydrocarbons in the diesel exhaust emissions, as mentioned by Campbell et al (1981) and Varde (1984) Generally, all three test fuels showed high unburned hydrocarbon emissions at high idle operations. The hydrocarbon emissions at idling, according to Henein and Patterson (1972), were mainly composed of the original fuel molecules because the molecules have little chance to decompose later in the cycle due to the relatively low gas temperatures.…”

Section: Unburned Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Performance characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine operating on methyl soyoil and methyl tallow esters

Yahya

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lubricating Oil Contamination 38 Modified Engine Configuration Fuel Storage Stability MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND METHODS Test Fuels Test Engine Physical and Chemical Characterization of Test fuels Viscosity 51 Surface tension Specific gravity Caloric heat value i i i page Dynamometer-Engine Instrumentation System Engine performance measurements 62 Exhaust emission data acquisition system 68 Flame ionization analyzer 70 Infrared analyzer 73 Chemiluminescent analyzer Oxygen monitor Smoke meter 77 Engine pressure data acquisition system Pressure transducers Optical encoder Digital oscilloscope Determination of top-dead-center 81 Transducer calibration Experimental Design 84 Data Collection and Management RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Physical and Chemical Characterization of Fuels Fuel composition Kinematic viscosity Surface tension Specific gravity 101 Heating value Cloud and pour points Flash point 105 Carbon residue 106 Ash content 107 Water and sediment 107 Copper corrosion 108 Cetane number 108 Engine Performance Analysis 109 Fuel consumption and brake power (overload) 111 Brake specific fuel consumption

show abstract

The Effect of Fuel Injection Rate and Timing on the Physical, Chemical, and Biological Character of Particulate Emissions from a Direct Injection Diesel

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of mutagenic subfractions of diesel exhaust modified by ceramic particulate traps

Characterization of mutagenic subfractions of diesel exhaust modified by ceramic particulate traps

Opposing effects of recirculated gases during cranking on cold start of diesel engines

Performance characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine operating on methyl soyoil and methyl tallow esters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About