The Effect of Global Economic Crisis on Turkish Tourism Demand and a Review for the Period 2003-2013

Abstract

Abstract:Turkish tourism has developed as more dependent on the international tourism demand until the 2000s. However, it has gained more stable and more balanced structure with the effect of increase in demand of domestic tourism in the early 21st century. In recent years, despite of the global crisis, the growth rate of the domestic and international tourism expenditure is well above the growth rate of the economy in Turkey. In this study, the effect of the global crisis on Turkish tourism demand has been investigated. The study has focused on factors such as "inflation", "currency" and "interest rates", which may affect Turkish tourism during the global financial crisis. In this way, the effects of the crisis on tourism demand are explained more clearly. The results show occurrence of a significant slowdown in the Turkish foreign active tourism during the global crisis. This deceleration was independent of the inflation and exchange rate effect. Furthermore, it was merely caused by the global crisis. Though, the domestic and overseas travels were increased in Turkey despite of the crisis during the period 2008-2013. Decreasing interest rates played a major role in this increase. Thus, the effect of interest rate on tourist spending can be accepted as a strong influential factor. The study has two important aspects. First, the contractionary effects of the global crisis on the tourism demand are to be determined by taking into account the possible effects of economic variables such as currency, inflation, interest rates, etc. Secondly, this study has a visionary approach, which is an evaluation of the global economic crisis as an opportunity. Besides, it also indicated the effect of the specified variables on tourism demand.

Tourism seasonality management strategies – what can we learn from payment data

“…The choice of the payment method and its potential for the development of tourism are relevant areas of research. Tourism expenditure and its balance of payments benefitted from the card system expansion, as was the case of Turkey (Gul, 2014) or is likely to happen in India after demonetization (Passah and Kumar, 2019). Tourists with a high level of destination mobile payment (m-payment) knowledge are likely to find m-payment systems in the destination more attractive (easier to use and safer) than tourists lacking such knowledge (Peng et al , 2012).…”

Turizm Hareketliliğine Karşı İstikametten Bakmak Türkiye’den Yurtdışına Olan Seyahatlerin Görünümü

“…Ulusal literatürdeki çalışmalara bakıldığında, turizm hareketliliği konusundaki araştırmaların büyük çoğunluğunun turizmin tek yönlü (başka ülkelerden Türkiye'ye gelenlerinbound tourism) hareketine yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir 4 . Bununla birlikte turizm çalışmaları içerisinde sınırlı da olsa Türkiye'den yurt dışına yapılan seyahatlerin farklı boyutlarını ele alan araştırmalar bulunmaktadır (Dogru ve Sirakaya-Turk, 2018;Gozgor ve Demir, 2018;Gul, Aksit Asik, ve Gurbuz, 2014;Halıcıoğlu, 2010;Solmaz, Erdoğan ve Sönmez, 2014) Ayrıca, Türkiye'de karşılıklı olarak gerçekleşen seyahatlerin ve turist gelişleri ile birlikte kendi vatandaşlarımızın başka ülkelere gidişlerinin oluşturduğu turizm hareketliliğinin doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkilediği göç, evlilik, istihdam, yabancıların konut edinmesi gibi toplumsal yansımalarına yönelik değerli çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır (Balkır ve Südaş, 2014;Deniz ve Özgür, 2013;Deniz ve Özgür, 2020;Ekiz Gökmen 2011;Ekiz Gökmen, 2018;Lordoğlu, 2007;Özgür ve Deniz, 2015;Südaş, 2014;Yakar ve Südaş, 2019;Yanardağ ve Avcı, 2012). Türkiye, her yıl farklı ülkelerden milyonlarca kişiyi ağırlamakla birlikte Türkiye'den de her yıl farklı ülkelere olan seyahatlerin gittikçe arttığı görülmektedir.…”

The impact of economic crisis and non-economic factors on the tourism industry in Zlatibor

“…Th e term 'crisis' is widely used in popular discussions related to economic, social and political issues (Hill, 2014). A crisis represents an important event with possible adverse eff ects on companies, organizations or industries, and it can also have an impact on their target audience, products, services or reputation (Ketlin Fern-Benks, 2011;Gul et al, 2014;Eugenio-Martin & Campos-Soria, 2014). Some authors have defi ned a crisis as an event of small probability and with serious consequences that can endanger the work of an organization, and it is characterized by vague causes, eff ects and means of solving it, as well as the conviction that the decisions have to be reached fast (Jaques, 2010;Ghaderi et al, 2014).…”