The effect of lead on the eruption rates of incisor teeth in rats

Gerlach, Raquel Fernanda; Toledo, D.B; Novaes, Pedro Duarte; Merzel, J; Line, Sérgio Roberto Peres

doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00072-8

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…If the unimpeded incisor is not out of occlusion, due to an inadequate degree or frequency of shortening, wear facets will be produced on the incisal edge. Measurement errors occur if the incisal edge, rather than a cut mark on the tooth, is used as a reference point; a phenomenon that has been reported in a number of previous studies (Bryer 1957, Ness 1965, Sessle 1966, Berkovitz 1974, Burn-Murdoch 1988, Gerlach et al 2000. Therefore, the suitability of using the incisal edge of an unimpeded incisor as the reference point in the measurement of unimpeded eruption rate was investigated in this study; which also sought to see whether there was a difference in the unimpeded eruption rate when the incisor was shortened at 2-day and 3-day intervals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Measuring the eruption rate of the incisor, has been said to be, an integral part of expanding the knowledge of the process of tooth eruption (Taverne 1991). Moreover, the eruption rate of the rat incisor is often utilized as a convenient means of assessing the effects, on the development of the tooth, of a variety of stimuli, such as nutrients, hormones and toxic substances (Michaeli and Greulich 1972, Burn-Murdoch 1993, Gerlach et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison between a conventional optical method and image-analysis for measuring the unimpeded eruption rate of the rat mandibular incisor

Lee

Law

King

et al. 2002

Archives of Oral Biology

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The impeded/unimpeded eruption rates of the rat incisor have been much studied. The most commonly used optical microscopic method, which has inherent weaknesses, was compared here with an image-analysis method to measure the eruption rate of the mandibular incisor. The study also evaluated the incisal edge as a reference point for the measurement of the unimpeded eruption rate, and the frequency of shortening the mandibular incisor. The image-analysis method was found to be a simple and reliable technique that could replace the optical method. There was no significant difference between the data from the two methods; their kappa coefficients were similar at the 0.99 level. It was concluded that shortening the incisor in the measurement of the unimpeded eruption rate should be done at least every 48 h, and that the incisal edge of the shortened incisor can be used as the reference point for that measurement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison between a conventional optical method and image-analysis for measuring the unimpeded eruption rate of the rat mandibular incisor

Lee

Law

King

et al. 2002

Archives of Oral Biology

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“…In 2002, Gerlach et al (2002 showed that structural damage is more likely to occur in enamel structures infiltrated by lead. Gerlach et al (2000b) also found a decrease in the microhardness of mature dentin and reduced incisor eruption rate after lead exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Detrimental Effects of Maternal Lead Exposure during Pregnancy and Lactation on Molar Development in the Young Rat

Chen

Tsai

Chen

et al. 2012

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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The purpose of this animal study was to investigate the influence of maternal lead exposure during pregnancy and lactation on molar development in the offspring. Scanning electron microscopy revealed no significant differences in the molar morphology among the groups. However, in all the experimental groups, deep, wide cracks were found in the occlusal enamel. Further, the experimental groups had smaller molar diameters than the control group, lead exposure during lactation had a greater influence on the molar size in the offspring, and the groups with the higher dose of lead exposure during pregnancy and lactation had significantly smaller molar sizes than the groups that received the lower dose. The mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of molars were measured as 3.10 ± 0.07 and 1.95 ± 0.04 mm for control group, 2.97 ± 0.08 and 1.94 ± 0.01 mm for lactation group of low dose, 2.96 ± 0.05 and 1.84 ± 0.02 mm for lactation group of high dose, 3.09 ± 0.06 and 1.94 ± 0.04 mm for pregnancy group of low dose, and 3.02 ± 0.06 and 1.85 ± 0.06 mm for pregnancy group of high dose, respectively.

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“…The hardness of enamel generated under conditions of lead exposure, for instance, has already evidenced this-enamel in the early stage of maturation contains a larger amount of proteins, whereas more mature enamel does not display any defects or altered hardness (26). However, under lead-exposure conditions, enamel of continuously growing rat incisors takes longer to reach the oral cavity (27), suggesting that the longer eruption time promotes a compensatory mechanism. Such a mechanism may ensure that enamel achieves its high crystallinity, large mineral content and low amount of protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide Characterization of Mature Fluorotic and Control Human Enamel

Lelis

Molina

Souza³

et al. 2016

Braz. Dent. J.

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Exposure to high fluoride levels during amelogenesis causes enamel fluorosis. This study aimed to determine and compare the amino acid sequences in the enamel of fluorotic and control teeth. This investigation included enamel samples obtained from erupted and non-erupted third molars with either TF grade 4-6 (n=7) fluorosis or no sign of fluorosis (controls, n=7). The samples were kept frozen at -20 °C until protein extraction. Samples were etched and processed with a cocktail of proteinase inhibitors and immediately analyzed. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-Of-Flight/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) followed by MASCOT search aided the peptides analysis. The more abundant peptides bore the N-terminal amelogenin sequences WYQSIRPPYP (which is specific for the X-encoded amelogenin) and MPLPPHPGHPGYINF (which does not show sexual dimorphism) were not different in control or fluorotic enamel. There was no missing proteolytic cleavage in the fluorotic samples, which suggested that the increased amount of protein described in fluorotic enamel did not stem from the decreased ability of proteinases to cleave the proteins in humans. This study showed how to successfully obtain peptide from superficial enamel. A relatively low number of teeth was sufficient to provide good data on the actual peptides found in mature enamel.

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The effect of lead on the eruption rates of incisor teeth in rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

A comparison between a conventional optical method and image-analysis for measuring the unimpeded eruption rate of the rat mandibular incisor

A comparison between a conventional optical method and image-analysis for measuring the unimpeded eruption rate of the rat mandibular incisor

Detrimental Effects of Maternal Lead Exposure during Pregnancy and Lactation on Molar Development in the Young Rat

Peptide Characterization of Mature Fluorotic and Control Human Enamel

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