THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN <i>APHIS FABAE</i> SCOP. AND ITS HOST PLANT, <i>VICIA FABA</i> L.

Garsed, S. G.; Galley, D.J.; Mueller, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb04883.x

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…These interactions were primarily in gaps at both the community and focal plant level. The high light conditions and higher young leaf densities in gaps would allow high exudate production by homopteran herbivores (Garsed et al 1987), which would support mutualistic interactions with ants. These ant interactions may have contributed to the higher predation rates measured on artificial caterpillars in gaps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and habitat differences affect the impact of food and predation on herbivores: a comparison between gaps and understory of a tropical forest

Richards

Coley²

2006

Oikos

140

176

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Herbivore populations are influenced by a combination of food availability and predator pressure, the relative contribution of which is hypothesized to vary across a productivity gradient. In tropical forests, treefall gaps are pockets of high productivity in the otherwise less productive forest understory. Thus, we hypothesize that higher light availability in gaps will increase plant resources, thereby decreasing resource limitation of herbivores relative to the understory. As a result, predators should regulate herbivore populations in gaps, whereas food should limit herbivores in the understory. We quantified potential food availability and compared arthropod herbivore and predator densities in large forest light gaps and in the intact understory in Panama. Plants, young leaves, herbivores and predators were significantly more abundant per ground area in gaps than in the understory. This pattern was similar when we focused on seven gap specialist plant species and 15 shade-tolerant species growing in gaps and understory. Consistent with the hypothesis, herbivory rates were higher in gaps than the understory. Per capita predation rates on artificial caterpillars indicated higher predation pressure in gaps in both the dry and late wet seasons. These diverse lines of evidence all suggest that herbivores experience higher predator pressure in gaps and more food limitation in the understory.Herbivore populations are controlled by a combination of available food sources (bottom-up) and by predators (top-down). The relative importance of bottom-up and top-down controls have been studied and disputed for decades. Initially the biomass in one trophic level was viewed as a simple function of the biomass in the level below it (bottom-up) (Lindeman 1942). The debate began with Hairston et. al. 's (Hairston et al. 1960) seminal paper that introduced the concept of top-down control, in which predators controlled herbivore populations allowing plant biomass to accumulate. Since then, much effort has focused on quantifying and modeling the relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces in different communities (Price et

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and habitat differences affect the impact of food and predation on herbivores: a comparison between gaps and understory of a tropical forest

Richards

Coley²

2006

Oikos

140

176

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“…The light treatments are extremes at the ' high' and ' low' ends of the range of PPFD normally experienced by plants and extend the range studied in the previous work (Garsed et al, 1987). The temperatures are in a range considered favourable for aphid growth and in which responses of individuals and populations are well documented (Tsitsipis & Mittler, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ratio of the energy retained by the aphids (P) to that consumed (C) shows that light has a strong influence on the use of the energy ingested by the aphids. The values from Table 1 were also used in Figure 3 of Garsed et al (1987), which showed a very strong relationship between the ratio P:C and log PPFD. …”

Section: Growth Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous paper (Garsed, Galley & Mueller, 1987), the growth and feeding of Aphis fabae on Vicia faba was shown to respond strongly to light over a range of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) representative of conditions in south England. However, this work left unanswered several questions concerning the relationship between A. fabae and its host, in particular, the combined effects of light and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consumption rates are affected by those of growth, translocation and respiration, all of which respond to temperature. Infestation may modify the responses because the mass of the aphid sink increases with temperature (Tsitsipis & Mittler, 1976) and its strength in response to light (Garsed et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF AND BALANCES OF CARBON, NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM BETWEEN VICIA FABA L. AND APHIS FABAE SCOP.

1987

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SUMMARYThe effects of light, temperature and infestation by Aphis fabae Scop, on Vicia faba L. were examined in a factorial experiment. Light was 1116 or 40 //mol m"^ s~^ PPFD and temperature 15/10 °C or 25/20 °C (16 h day/8 h night). Plants and aphids were harvested after 9 d at 25/ 20 °C and 13 dat 15/10 °C. High hght and high temperature increased the relative growth rate (RGR) of aphid colonies, but without interaction. Under high light, alatae produced more nymphs which grew larger. High temperature did not affect nymph production, but mature apterae weighed less. More honeydew was produced at high light. High temperature increased honeydew at high light, but decreased it at low. Reduction in dry weight (d.w.) of infested plants was similar to the calculated dry matter (d.m.) ingested by the aphids except at high light/low temperature, where it was much less. Calculated NAR was increased by high light, but reduced by high temperature. In infested plants, 'true' NAR (calculated from plant d.w. + ingested d.m.) was compared with 'apparent' NAR (calculated from plant d.w. alone). Infestation decreased 'apparent' NAR, but the effect was small at high light/low temperature because 'true' NAR increased. Infested plants at low light/high temperature had negative 'apparent' NARs. High light and high temperature generally decreased leaf diffusive resistance, except that uninfested plants at high light/low temperature had large values. Stem, leaf and root d.w. were all increased by high light and decreased by infestation. Leaf carbohydrate showed similar responses. Chlorophylls were reduced at high light, particularly at low temperature in uninfested plants. These plants showed positive relationships between chlorophyll and (1) the starch: sucrose ratio and (2) leaf total nitrogen, but a negative relationship with leaf diffusive resistance. Leaf potassium (K) and amino nitrogen showed only small responses to light and temperature. Aphids retained > 80 % of N ingested and < 20 % of K. Ingested material contained more K than N, but the ratio of both to carbohydrate was much greater under low light, particularly at high temperature. Aphids under these conditions appeared starved of carbohydrate. Low light increased the proportions of proline, amides and ammonia in both leaf extracts and aphid honeydew.

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THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APHIS FABAE SCOP. AND ITS HOST PLANT, VICIA FABA L.

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Seasonal and habitat differences affect the impact of food and predation on herbivores: a comparison between gaps and understory of a tropical forest

Seasonal and habitat differences affect the impact of food and predation on herbivores: a comparison between gaps and understory of a tropical forest

THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF AND BALANCES OF CARBON, NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM BETWEEN VICIA FABA L. AND APHIS FABAE SCOP.

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