The Effect of Low-Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (LPDBD) Plasma in Boosting Germination, Growth, and Nutritional Properties in Wheat

Biochemical and Physiological Plant Processes Affected by Seed Treatment with Non-Thermal Plasma

“…Holubova et al [ 168 ] proposed that the accumulation of the heat shock protein HSP101 and HSP70 encoding gene transcripts is stimulated at the early stage (24 h) of maize seed germination due to the increased demand for the chaperones required to recover the cell proteins damaged by the NTP-treatment. Up-regulation of enzymes involved in the regulation of the cell redox balance, such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was observed in the roots of wheat seedlings [ 175 ] or the leaves of sunflower seedlings grown from NTP-treated seeds [ 169 ]. It was suggested that NTP treatment-induced upregulation of ATP synthase plays a stress-mitigating role in soybean and sunflower seedlings [ 96 , 169 ].…”

Effect of Oxygen Plasma Treatment on Wheat Emergence and Yield in the Field

“…One exception is the contribution of Saberi et al, where yield was determined in greenhouse experiments under haze stress conditions [ 11 ]. The field experiments were performed on a plot of different sizes, from a few m 2 [ 5 , 9 , 12 ] to as much as 6 ha [ 7 ] per treatment condition.…”

“…In the available literature, the yield of wheat after plasma treatment of seeds was recorded in several ways. Most of the available literature considers grain yield, typically expressed as g/m 2 or t/ha [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Additionally, 1000-grain mass was also commonly reported [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 ].…”

“…Most of the available literature considers grain yield, typically expressed as g/m 2 or t/ha [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Additionally, 1000-grain mass was also commonly reported [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 ]. Some authors further emphasized yield components such as the number of grains per spike [ 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 13 ], number of spikelets per spike, length of spike [ 8 , 9 ], or spikes per plot [ 6 ].…”

“…Hasan et al used a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) sustained in air and achieved increases in grain yield, 1000-grain mass, and the number of grains per spike. The group also detected surface etching and cracks by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), increases in the germination rate as well as seedling and plant growth, and changes in biochemistry and enzyme activity [ 5 ]. Roy et al used a glow discharge in air or air/O 2 , and found a 20% increase in yield, along with significant improvements to 1000-grain mass, length of a spike, and the number of spikelets and grains per spike.…”