The effect of magnetic stimulation on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (hASCs)

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) towards the musculoskeletal tissues has been the focus of many studies, regarding MNPs ability to promote and direct cellular stimulation and orient tissue responses. This is thought to be mainly achieved by mechano-responsive pathways, which can induce changes in cell behavior, including the processes of proliferation and differentiation, in response to external mechanical stimuli. Thus, the application of MNP-based strategies in tissue engineering may hold potential to propose novel solutions for cell therapy on bone and cartilage strategies to accomplish tissue regeneration.The present work aims at studying the influence of MNPs on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs). MNPs were incorporated in hASCs and cultured in medium supplemented for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Cultures were maintained up to 28 days with/without an external magnetic stimulus provided by a magnetic bioreactor, to determine if the MNPs alone could affect the osteogenic or chondrogenic phenotype of the hASCs.Results indicate that the incorporation of MNPs does not negatively affect the viability nor the proliferation of hASCs. Furthermore, Alizarin Red staining evidences an enhancement in extracellular (ECM) mineralization under the influence of an external magnetic field. Although not as evident as for osteogenic differentiation, Toluidine blue and Safranin-O stainings also suggest the presence of a cartilage-like ECM with glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans under the magnetic stimulus provided.Thus, MNPs incorporated in hASCs under the influence of an external magnetic field have the potential to induce differentiation towards the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages.

Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications

“…Jeong et al found that low-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation did not affect ASC proliferation, while high-dose UVB reduced the proliferation of ASCs [ 79 ]. In addition, many researches showed that magnetism could enhance ASC differentiation, while its ability to enhance ASC proliferation was not confirmed [ 80 , 81 ].…”

Gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells: comparison of 2D films, 3D electrospun meshes or co-cultured scaffolds with two-way paracrine effects

“…Establishment of spheroids (Emmert et al, 2013;Kapur et al, 2012) or cell seeding on posts using two-dimensional (2D) micro-engineering (Li and Kilian, 2015) may also act as appropriate strategies. Furthermore, applying dynamic conditions such as perfusion (Heo et al, 2016), mechanical (Xu et al, 2015) or magnetic stimulation (Lima et al, 2015) may improve differentiation toward the desired cell type. Finally, material characteristics such as www.ecmjournal.org composition (Lee et al, 2016), surface properties, architectural features (Li and Kilian, 2015), pore size and pore connectivity (Viswanathan et al, 2015) are cues for stem cell differentiation into a certain cell type.…”

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Modulates Tendon Cells Response in IL‐1β‐Conditioned Environment

“…Magnetic platforms have emerged as a technological and versatile field of research to improve cell‐based therapies and tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches enabling the design of non‐invasive and remote‐actuated systems to trigger and modulate physiological processes, stimulating healing, and regeneration. The clinical potential of magnetic stimulation is enormous.…”