The Effect of Miana (Coleus Scutellariodes [L]) on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Balb/C Mice Infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global health problem. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has posed a major threat towards the mission of TB eradication. Traditional medication has been a staple alternative and adjuvant to conventional treatment for Indonesians. Miana leaves (Coleus scutellariodes) is one such traditional medicine that has a potential role as immunoregulator, antiinflammation, and antimicrobial agent. Several studies have shown that Miana leaves extract can regulate TLR 4, the number of CD4 T cells, IFN-γ levels, and TNF-α.Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) mediates angiogenesis and vasodilatation to provide oxygenation and access for immune cells in hypoxic and inflamed site sue to infection focus. This study aims to study the effect of Miana leaves on VEGF expression. Balb/c mice were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and were treated using Miana leaves extract, rifampicin, and rifampicin plus Miana. VEGF protein levels before infection, after infection, and after treatment were measured using ELISA. The results showed that there was a significant difference in VEGF level means between treatment groups. VEGF levels in rifampicin, Miana, and rifampicin plus Miana groups were significantly lower than placebo. VEGF level was significantly lower in rifampicin group compared to Miana group. VEGF level was significantly lower in rifampicin plus Miana group compared to Miana group. There was no significant difference of VEGF level between rifampicin and rifampicin plus Miana group. The results indicate that Maina leaves does have an effect on VEGF level in mice infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Heparin for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and hypercoagulation complications: A cohort study

“…No side effects, such as bleeding, hypohepatia, or thrombocytopenia, occurred in any of the patients. These results indicate that the decrease in the D-dimer value is the result of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis caused by the administration of LMWH (fondaparinux) [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ].…”

A potential mechanism of miana (Coleus scutellariodes) and quercetin via NF-κB in Salmonella typhi infection

“…This study had 8 treatment groups and 5 mice per treatment. Miana was extracted according to a previous study [ [17] , [18] , [19] ]. The Miana administration at a dose of 510 mg/kg body weight for 14 days and/or the Quercetin (Nature Bell, USA) administration at a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW for 11 days after 24 h of inoculation of 2 × 10 4 CFU/mL S. Typhi (0.2 mL) [ [18] , [19] , [20] ].…”

“…Inhibits leukocyte metabolic activity, and inflammatory cytokines release [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ] The anti-inflammatory effect of Quercetin and Miana can be mediated by inhibition of NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine release [ 16 ]. Miana also significantly reduced the levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and reduced inflammation in M. tuberculosis infection [ 17 , 18 ].…”

The role of exclusive breastfeeding on sIgA and lactoferrin levels in toddlers suffering from Acute Respiratory Infection: A cross-sectional study

“…After the sample is fulfilled, it is then taken to the Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University for further examination. Examination of serum sIgA and lactoferrin levels using the Enzym linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method according to the protocol of previous studies [ 12 , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] ].…”