The Effect of Mucine, IgA, Urea, and Lysozyme on the Corrosion Behavior of Various Non-precious Dental Alloys and Pure Titanium in Artificial Saliva

Abstract

The corrosion of dental alloys has biological, functional, and aesthetic consequences. Various studies have shown that protein solutions can inhibit the corrosion of alloys. This study is planned to determine the relationship of organic constituents of saliva and the corrosion of dental alloys. The organic constituents are IgA, mucine, urea, and lysozyme which are encountered in the highest amounts in saliva and the dental materials are titanium (Ti), Co-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, and dental amalgam, the most often used metallic components in dentistry. In particular, the interactions between the commonest salivary proteins, IgA, mucine, urea and lysozyme, and Ti, Co-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr-Mo and dental amalgam were investigated. Each alloy was evaluated by cyclic polarization in each medium. The general anodic and cathodic behavior during forward and reverse cycles, the corrosion and passivation current densities (muA/cm2 ), and the corrosion and the pitting potentials (mV) were determined. The results have shown that Ni-Cr-Mo and dental amalgam alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion in all the investigated media. The Co-Cr-Mo alloy has shown high passive current densities in the solution of mucine and lysozyme in artificial saliva. Titanium instead, has shown a high resistance to corrosion and a stable passive behavior in all media, especially in a solution of mucine and IgA in synthetic saliva. Mucine and IgA, as well as urea and lysozyme, appeared to enhance the formation of a passive film layer on the Ti metal surface, thus inhibiting the corrosion. Based on the study findings, and especially considering the problem of nickel allergy and toxicity of mercury released from dental amalgam, the use of Co-Cr-Mo alloys and Ti to Ni-Cr-Mo alloys is recommended and alternatives to dental amalgam should be sought for patients with impaired salivary flow.

Ion release from metal-ceramic alloys in three different media

“…A survey of published literature showed that Cr, Mo, manganese (Mn), and tungsten (W) were alloy elements with strong beneficial influence on the corrosion resistance of Ni-based and/or Co-Cr alloys 33,34) . Yfantis et al 34) suggested that the enhanced corrosion behavior of WBC was due to W addition and its relatively high Cr content.…”

“…Yfantis et al 34) suggested that the enhanced corrosion behavior of WBC was due to W addition and its relatively high Cr content. Bilhan et al 33) showed that Mo and Mn additions to Ni-based alloys improved their corrosion resistance, and that alloys with a high Mo content had better corrosion properties than those with a low level. Al-Hiyasat et al 31) reported that for ion release from Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys used in their study, Cr release was very low when compared with Mo and Ni ions; in most cases, Cr release was below the detection limit.…”

“…Compared with immersion in SS alone, the presence of proteins in SS was found to enhance the release of Ag, Cu, Pd, and Zn ions -but the opposite was reported for Ni-Cr alloy. In a recent study by Bilhan et al 33) which investigated the effect of salivary proteins (mucin, IgA, urea, and lysozyme) on the corrosion of dental amalgam, pure Ti, Co-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, it was revealed that Ni-Cr-Mo and dental amalgam alloys were highly susceptible to corrosion whereas Co-Cr-Mo alloy and pure Ti exhibited passive behavior. Salivary proteins appeared to enhance passive film formation on Ti surface, thereby inhibiting corrosion.…”

L’allergie aux alliages dentaires non précieux : données de la littérature et solutions actuelles

“…Récemment dans une seconde directive 2004/96/EC portant sur le « percing dans le corps humain, la limite du taux de relargage du nickel est de 0,2 µg/cm² semaine [12]. Du fait de l'allergie au nickel et même si elle est controversée, la tendance est de choisir des alliages sans nickel [24]. Les alliages Ni-Cr reconnus à l'origine de maladies professionnelles des prothésistes, tendent à être remplacés par des alliages Co-Cr censés être moins allergisants et plus résistants.…”

“…Les alliages Ni-Cr reconnus à l'origine de maladies professionnelles des prothésistes, tendent à être remplacés par des alliages Co-Cr censés être moins allergisants et plus résistants. Aujourd'hui les alliages base cobalt (Co-Cr) seraient les plus employés par les laboratoires en prothèses fixes métalliques ou céramo-métalliques [24]. Pendant plus de cinq décades, les brackets en acier inoxydable avec 8-25 % de nickel ont été les plus utilisés.…”