The effect of multiple autoclave cycles on the surface of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files: An in vitro atomic force microscopy investigation

Nair, Ashish Shashikant; Tilakchand, Mahima; Naik, Balaram

doi:10.4103/0972-0707.157256

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Whether our findings may be clinically relevant in vivo depends on the number of times of the files' reuse, disinfection control protocol, such as immersing files in 6% NaOCl for 5 min before use, 27 and autoclave sterilization which cumulatively prolongs file contact with NaOCl. 20 , 28 Therefore, multiple uses of these endodontic files may increase the risk of instrument breakage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sodium hypochlorite on conventional and heat-treated nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments – An in vitro study

Lin

Karabucak

Lee

2021

Journal of Dental Sciences

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Background/purpose Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a highly alkaline solution which exhibits antimicrobial properties. However, it causes corrosion to endodontic rotary files. This study investigated the effect of NaOCl on the metal surface of five different unused endodontic rotary files in vitro . Materials and methods Two non-heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) files, ProTaper, BioRace, and three heat-treated NiTi files, VortexBlue, TRUShape, and EdgeFile X7 files, were immersed in 4% NaOCl for 5, 10, and 20 min, and 1, 6 and 24 h. The corrosion susceptibility was evaluated by visual inspection and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results In the TRUShape group, the black particulate matter was mostly formed at the file's curvature and shaft. A large amount of precipitate accumulated in the EdgeFile group. The extent and prevalence of surface defects were found to be consistently higher in EdgeFile X7 instruments than in any other instruments. EdgeFile X7 and TRUShape files exhibited a greater corrosive tendency to NaOCl than BioRace, ProTaper, and VortexBlue not only under visual inspection, but also under SEM analysis after prolonged immersion (1, 6, 24 h) in 4% NaOCl. However, shorter immersion periods (5, 10, 20 min) showed little surface corrosion across all experimental groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, EdgeFile X7 and TRUShape files exhibit greater corrosive tendencies to NaOCl in vitro than BioRace, ProTaper, and VortexBlue files after prolonged immersion in 4% NaOCl. However, shorter immersion periods, which more closely approximate clinical conditions during single root canal therapy, may not show surface corrosion across all experimental groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sodium hypochlorite on conventional and heat-treated nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments – An in vitro study

Lin

Karabucak

Lee

2021

Journal of Dental Sciences

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“… 31 Although the NiTi rotary instruments have excellent surface smoothness and cyclic fatigue resistance, 32 the stresses caused by mechanical instrumentation increase the SR, force of friction, and likelihood of instrument failure. 33 Therefore, understanding the effects of mechanical stresses on SR of NiTi rotary instruments may suggest useful information in terms of surface defects and clinical safety. 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By increasing the SR, friction between instrument and tooth increases, hence compromising the cutting efficiency, cyclic fatigue strength, and safety. 32 33 Therefore, such surface defects may potentially lead to the formation of stress concentration areas, crack propagation, and fracture during the clinical use. 44 45 The machining grooves and pits that are potential areas for stress concentration can be reduced by electropolishing of rotary file surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files

Zafar

2020

Eur J Dent

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Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments (ProTaper Next [PTN], WaveOne Gold [WOG], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) before and after root canal instrumentation. Materials and Methods For each type (PTN, WOG, and PTG), the endodontic instrumentation was performed using extracted mandibular molar teeth’s curved mesial root canals (curvature: 20–40 degrees) after determining the working length. Each NiTi file was cleaned, and sterilized following preparation of four root canals and characterized for surface properties before and after endodontic instrumentation using a contact-mode three-dimensional surface profiler. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for SR parameters including average surface roughness value (Sa), root mean square roughness (Sq), and peak to valley height (Sz). Results Preinstrumentation assessment revealed a significant difference for all the three SR variables (p < 0.05) for the cutting blade and the flute area. WOG instruments showed the highest SR values (p = 0.000). The postinstrumentation assessment revealed significant differences in SR values in the blade and the flute between the three groups (p < 0.05), with WOG and PTG exhibiting the highest values in the blade and flute sections, respectively. Conclusions The SR parameters of intact PTN, WOG, and PTG NiTi files vary and that was increased following the endodontic instrumentation.

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“…Based on SEM analysis, Razavianet et al reported an increase in roughness directly related to the number of sterilizations performed [ 64 ], while Nair et al showed that, following sterilization, there is an increase in the surface roughness of the instruments due to an increase in the surface irregularities of the metal alloy, which could represent the cores from which the crack starts and the fracture of the tool occurs under cyclical fatigue [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Sterilization Procedures on the Cutting Efficiency of Endodontic Instruments: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Sterilization processes guarantee the sterility of dental instruments but can negatively affect instrument features by altering their physical and mechanical properties. The endodontic instrumentation can undergo a series of alterations, ranging from corrosion to variation in the cutting angle and then changes in the torsional properties and torsional fatigue resistance. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aims to investigate alterations to the cutting efficiency of endodontic instruments that are induced by procedures for their disinfection and sterilization. Methodologies adopted for this investigation follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The following were used as search terms on PubMed and Scopus: “endodontic sterilization”, “endodontic autoclave”, “cyclic fatigue”, “torsional”, “cutting efficiency”, “sterilization”, “surface characteristics”, and “corrosion”. At the end of the selection process, 36 articles were identified, and seven of them are included in this systematic review. The results of a meta-analysis conducted for the use of 10 autoclaving cycles shows a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.80 with a p-value equal to 0.04 with respect to effect on cutting efficiency. The network meta-analysis, through direct and indirect comparison between the different autoclave cycles (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 cycles), revealed that treatment involving 15 autoclave cycles produced the most robust results in terms of having the greatest effects in terms of altered cutting efficiency with a probability of 57.7% and a SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) of 80%. The alterations in the effects on cutting efficiency appear to be triggered after five cycles of sterilization by heat (autoclave). In conclusion, the meta-analysis of the data indicates that the autoclave sterilization protocol must not be repeated more than five times to preserve cutting efficiency. Within the limitations of this review, we can therefore establish that sterilization by autoclaving alone results in steel and NiTi instruments becoming less efficient in cutting after five cycles, as measured by a reduction in cutting efficiency.

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The effect of multiple autoclave cycles on the surface of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files: An in vitro atomic force microscopy investigation

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of sodium hypochlorite on conventional and heat-treated nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments – An in vitro study

Effect of sodium hypochlorite on conventional and heat-treated nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments – An in vitro study

Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files

The Effects of Sterilization Procedures on the Cutting Efficiency of Endodontic Instruments: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

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