“…The common system of shining a laser beam through the liner was criticised [26,36,39] for only providing information at one point and not valuable information about the oil film variation for the entire piston ring -cylinder wall interface, as the capacitance method was capable of doing when transducers were mounted in the ring [23,26]. This led to the introduction of multipoint LIF investigations, whereby multiple LIF probes were used at various positions on the cylinder liner to improve the understanding of the oil film profiles axially and radially around the piston [9,34,40]. The benefit of this outweighs the additional cost in extra probes and photomultiplier tubes, as Takiguchi et al [34] found that a considerable amount of oil is supplied to the oil control ring at TDC for completion of the compression and exhaust strokes on the thrust side of the cylinder liner, and only at the end of the exhaust stroke on the anti-thrust side.…”