“…However, these types of adhesives usually suffer from low fracture toughness. In order to improve the mechanical behavior of adhesive joints, researchers have proposed several methods such as modifying the adhesive joint geometry [1,3] and adhesive layer reinforcement by adding nano, micro and macro additives [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Considering the nano-scale modification, several nonoadditives of various shapes and materials including single-walled carbon nano-tube [4], multi-walled carbon nano-tube [5,6], graphene and graphene oxide nano-platelet [7,8], nano-silica [9,10], silicon carbide whisker [11,12], nano-rubber [13,14] and nano-clay [15] have been widely investigated in order to improve mechanical properties of the adhesives.…”