The effect of phosphorus on the mechanism of intergranular stress corrosion cracking of mild steels in nitrate solutions

Krautschick, H. J.; Grabke, H. J.; Diekmann, W.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(88)90108-4

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Phosphorus accumulated at grain boundaries may accelerate void formation during creep [22]. Similarly, the grain boundary segregation of this impurity increases the propensity of steels to undergo intergranular stress corrosion cracking in solutions containing nitrate ions [23].…”

Section: Discussion and Consequences For Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Entropy in Grain Boundary Segregation

2019

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The role of entropy in materials science is demonstrated in this report in order to establish its importance for the example of solute segregation at the grain boundaries of bcc iron. We show that substantial differences in grain boundary chemistry arise if their composition is calculated with or without consideration of the entropic term. Another example which clearly documents the necessity of implementing the entropic term in materials science is the enthalpy-entropy compensation effect. Entropy also plays a decisive role in the anisotropy of grain boundary segregation and in interface characterization. The consequences of the ambiguous determination of grain boundary segregation on the prediction of materials behavior are also briefly discussed. All the mentioned examples prove the importance of entropy in the quantification of grain boundary segregation and consequently of other materials properties.

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Section: Discussion and Consequences For Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Entropy in Grain Boundary Segregation

2019

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“…Contrary to another observation in a ferritic stee1 [139], it is stated that [140] Tests (SSRTs) on pure iron with exposure to carbonate-bicarbonate solution, and adding controlled amounts of C, N, or P by diffusion and homogenization confirmed that P segregation is not necessarily the origin of IGSCC of mild steels even in different corrosive environments [165]. Moreover, attempts to reproduce the Auger measurements [163] by propagating intergranular stress corrosion cracks through brittle fracture at liquid nitrogen temperature to produce intergranular facets on which spectroscopy could be conducted, were not successful on a range of ferritic steels [99] thus confirming the earlier observation [165].…”

Section: 32mentioning

confidence: 64%

Corrosion and failure processes in high-level waste tanks

Mahidhara¹,

Elleman²,

Murty

1992

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“…On the other hand, Krautschick et al [25] have measured the cracking responses of a range of steels containing various amounts of phosphorus and concluded that the segregation of that substance to the grain boundaries is not the origin of cracking. Relatively pure iron (0.001 wt %C, 0.002 wt %P, N not detectable) could not be caused to fail by stress corrosion in a carbonate-bicarbonate solution, but the addition of 0.03 wt %C, 0.0226 wt %N or 0.03 wt°/oP all resulted in intergranular cracking [26], indicating that to ascribe cracking to the presence of a single substance at the grain boundaries should not be meant to imply that that substance is unique in that respect.…”

Section: Dissolution Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environment Sensitive Fracture of Metals

Parkins¹

1992

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

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The mechanisms whereby normally ductile metals may fracture in an essentially brittle manner at relatively low stresses when exposed to certain environments are discussed in terms of either localized embrittlement of the metal or localized dissolution reactions. The environmental requirements for cracking are considered in relation to the need for solutions and potentials to provide a source of hydrogen Of, for dissolution-related cracking, to provide a critical balance between active and passive behaviours. The kinetics of crack growth are then discussed from the standpoints of the crack tip strain rate determining the frequency of rupture of crack tip films, whereby dissolution is facilitated, the time dependence of crack nucleation and growth and the coalescence of cracks. The implication of crack tip strain rates are considered in relation to stressing conditions and the importance of cyclic loading in sustaining appropriate strain rates indicated. Finally, brief mention is made of approaches to preventing environment sensitive cracking. EMBRITTLEMENT MECHANISMStwofold. Thus, either the metal must become embrittled as a consequence of the presence of the environment or the cracks propagate by extremely localized dissolution processes. The precise details may vary from one system to another, or even for the same metal exposed to different environmental conditions, since the variability of the mechanisms of fracture of metals in the absence of environmental influence by brittle, ductile or fatigue fracture, and the variability of electrochemical reactions, according to potential and solution composition, preclude the possibility of some all-embracing mechanism of environment sensitive fracture that accounts for all such instances.

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The effect of phosphorus on the mechanism of intergranular stress corrosion cracking of mild steels in nitrate solutions

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

The Significance of Entropy in Grain Boundary Segregation

The Significance of Entropy in Grain Boundary Segregation

Corrosion and failure processes in high-level waste tanks

Environment Sensitive Fracture of Metals

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