The Effect of Photoperiod and Light Irradiance on the Antioxidant Circadian System of Two Species of Crayfish from Different Latitudes: Procambarus clarkii and P. digueti¶

Abstract

This work was carried out to study the antioxidant circadian system of two species of crayfish of different latitude origin. We investigated (1) whether both species possess glutathione circadian rhythms and (2) whether both species' rhythms differ in their ability to synchronize to 24 h cycles. Two batches of Procambarus clarkii and P. digueti were kept in (1) light–dark (LD) 12:12 low irradiance (LI) cycles and then exposed to (2) 72 h of complete darkness, (3) LD 12:12 high irradiance (HI), (4) LD 20:4 LI and (5) LD 20:4 HI for 2 weeks. The midgut and hemolymph were sampled and reduced and oxidized glutathione as well as glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were assayed. Cosinor and analysis of variance revealed differences between both species. Procambarus clarkii robust antioxidant circadian rhythms are able to entrain to all conditions resetting to lights on or off. However, the P. digueti weak circadian glutathione system did not entrain to the LD cycles, showing a random distribution of phases. In this species, LD 12:12 and 20:4 HI evidenced significant daily rhythms indicating a damped circadian antioxidative system that is enhanced by the effect of light. This suggests that each species' photoperiodic history determines the adaptive abilities of the circadian antioxidative mechanisms.

Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Retina and Nervous System Exhibit Antioxidant Circadian Rhythms Coupled with Metabolic and Luminous Daily Cycles

“…After 3 days of darkness, the phase relationship increased to ψ LPO‐Glu about 12 h in both. On comparing these values with those obtained in midgut in a previous work (11) (Fig. 6c), GSH‐system behavior in the midgut under DD appears to be more similar to OL‐B than to retina.…”

“…Figure 6a–c compares the internal phase angle between acrophase timing of all glutathione rhythms analyzed in this work with those of hemolymph and liver as analyzed in a previous work (11). After 72 h of DD, OL‐B and retina glutathione enzymatic rhythms run freely, exhibiting similar phase angles between them (OL‐B ψ GR‐GPx = 1.7 h; retina ψ GR‐GPx = 1.23 h) but dissimilar ones with their substrates (OL‐B ψ GPx‐GSH = 1.9.0 h, ψ GR‐GSSG = 8.5. h; retina ψ GPx‐GSH = 8.7 h; ψ GR‐GSSG = 1.23 h).…”

“…In Procambarus clarkii , many authors have documented metabolic (5–7) and activity (8,9) circadian rhythms that should produce daily variations in the oxidative status (OS) of this animal’s internal environment. Of late, daily and circadian changes in OS produced by different light conditions and its counterbalance by an antioxidant circadian system—the glutathione system—have been documented in the midgut and hemolymph of P. clarkii (10,11). These works revealed differences between the midgut and hemolymph reduced glutathione (GSH) oscillatory system that suggest differences in the coupling strength of both organs with the crayfish circadian clock.…”

Antioxidant and oxidative damage responses in different organs of Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone, 1931) reared in a biofloc technology system

“…Several conditions can generate oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, and some of these conditions are important for aquaculture practices. Crustaceans exhibit daily variations in their enzymatic antioxidant systems (Fanjul-Moles et al 2003;Maciel et al 2004). This means that they may be more susceptible to oxidative stress during certain periods.…”

Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems

“…Possible melatonin effects on crayfish antioxidant circadian system still wait to be tested. However, in the two species P. clarkii and Procambarus digueti, the antioxidant systems are known to be very robust in their diel changes (270) and entrain to light phases (271). Especially the glutathione-system in the eyestalk and the brain of P. clarkii exhibits clear-cut circadian rhythmicity (272,273).…”