The effect of positive pressure on indoor air quality in a deeply renovated school building – a case study

Vornanen-Winqvist, Camilla; Toomla, Sander; Ahmed, Kaiser; Kurnitski, Jarek; Mikkola, Raimo; Salonen, Heidi

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.679

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…24,51 However, many factors, including the mechanical supply and exhaust system, affected the indoor air pressure level and contributed to the NPL location variation. 25,44,45,52,53 Hence, this study defined the NPL at 30%, 50% and 70% of the total building height to investigate the stack-induced pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building. 24 Then the total pressure difference can be calculated by equation (8)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM_2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building

Kim

Chen

et al. 2021

Indoor and Built Environment

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This study investigated the impact of outdoor air pollutants on indoor air quality in a high-rise building, considering factors related to the seasons and air infiltration. Further, the impact of atmospheric weather conditions on air infiltration has been analysed in a downtown area of Suzhou, China. The influence of the outdoor air pollution rate on indoor air quality in the office building was investigated based on on-site measurements and computer simulations. Results showed that the impact of outdoor air pollutants on indoor air quality was highest in winter, followed by spring, autumn and summer. Furthermore, multiple factors, which affect the indoor air quality in a high-rise building, have been further investigated in this study, including stack effect, wind effect, infiltration rate, outdoor air pollution rate, seasonal change and air filter efficiency. The significant influence of these factors on the indoor air quality level with floor height variations has been verified. Based on the analysis, a high-efficiency filter is recommended to maintain healthy indoor air quality. Meanwhile, a double-filter system is required if a building is exposed to heavily polluted outdoor air considering the most substantial impact of outdoor air pollutants on indoor air quality in winter. Moreover, a numerical model of steady-state indoor PM2.5 concentration was established to determine the suitable air filter efficiency and airtightness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM_2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building

Kim

Chen

et al. 2021

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…if the indoor vapor excess is small [38,39]. An overpressure of 5-7 Pa indicated positive impacts to the indoor air quality at a studied school building, but a strong confirmation of the results was difficult due to small sample size, large number of factors and only partly reaching the target conditions [40].…”

Section: Introduction 1generalmentioning

confidence: 91%

Air Pressure Differences over External Walls in New and Retrofitted Schools and Daycare Centers

et al. 2022

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Air pressure differences are a key factor in the behavior of building ventilation and air leakages through the building envelope. Field measurements of the air pressure differences over the building envelope were conducted in 24 Finnish municipal service buildings. The measured buildings were mainly schools and daycare centers, of which half were new buildings and half recently retrofitted. All buildings had mechanical ventilation. The measurements were conducted during 2016–2018. The total number of measurement points was 100, and the duration of individual time series varied. According to the results, the mean air pressure difference was within the range of national recommendations (small underpressure indoors) in 81–89% of measurement points, but some cases experienced either strong underpressure or overpressure conditions. In some cases, the air pressure difference showed a clear stepwise constant behavior, while other cases showed larger temporal variation. The conditions varied between different operating situations and the time of year. The study also supports the current recommendation that air pressure difference measurements should be done as continuous measurements of at least one week duration.

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“…These studies have underlined the fact that this is achievable if design solutions are carried out by means of a compromise between energy savings and plant systems, adaptivity/changeability, acclimatisation, and easy maintenance [16][17][18]30]. However, in the face of current health problems, the existing air conditioning systems for school buildings, within the contexts of historical and architectural value, should be adapted and rethought/redesigned to guarantee IAQ and effective ventilation, hygiene, safety, and health, even before comfort [5,9,10,24,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Cost for Effective Ventilation and Air Quality for Healthy Buildings: Plant Proposals for a Historic Building School Reopening in the Covid-19 Era

Balocco

Leoncini

2020

Sustainability

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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the engineering/technical approach to building and plant design. In Italy, most of the school heritage belongs to historical buildings, which are not only under constraints for the protection and prevention of loss of cultural heritage but are often created with a different intended use. This fact implies that any plant engineering project is really complex. Starting from the current sanitary measures for reopening during the Covid-19 era and the crucial current research on this matter, the feasibility of plant retrofit/refurbishment solutions by means of effective ventilation and air quality are investigated. Various plant solutions based on demand-controlled mechanical ventilation, operating 24 h a day, seven days a week, without air recirculation mode, for a historical high school building were studied using transient simulations. A result comparison showed that it is possible to obtain healthy school environments by means of an optimal compromise between energy savings and the best ventilation conditions for indoor air quality (IAQ). Sustainability is understood as effective and efficient solutions for energy consumption reduction and environmental sustainability as a guarantee for people’s safety and wellbeing.

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The effect of positive pressure on indoor air quality in a deeply renovated school building – a case study

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM_2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building

Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM_2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building

Air Pressure Differences over External Walls in New and Retrofitted Schools and Daycare Centers

Energy Cost for Effective Ventilation and Air Quality for Healthy Buildings: Plant Proposals for a Historic Building School Reopening in the Covid-19 Era

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The effect of positive pressure on indoor air quality in a deeply renovated school building – a case study

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building

Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building

Air Pressure Differences over External Walls in New and Retrofitted Schools and Daycare Centers

Energy Cost for Effective Ventilation and Air Quality for Healthy Buildings: Plant Proposals for a Historic Building School Reopening in the Covid-19 Era

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Product

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Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM_2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building

Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM_2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building