The Effect of Rifaximin on Gut Flora and Staphylococcus Resistance

Kim, Mi-Sung; Morales, Walter; Hani, Andres Ardila; Kim, Sharon; Kim, Gene; Weitsman, Stacy; Chang, Christopher; Pimentel, Mark

doi:10.1007/s10620-013-2675-0

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In rats on rifaximin, the transient reductions in stool coliform counts recover after rifaximin interruption, while rifaximin appears to produce durable reductions in duodenal bacteria [21][22][23][24]. Further studies in animal models, culture studies and metagenomic analyses have demonstrated an increase in Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus abundance after rifaximin treatment, also with no significant changes in the overall gut microbiota composition [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

Schulz

Schütte

Vílchez-Vargas

et al. 2018

Dig Dis

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Background: Gut microbiota play an essential role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Treatment strategies are directed to modulate intestinal microbiota profiles and their function by the administration of the non-absorbable disaccharide lactulose and the non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin, which are required for long terms, but little is known on their long-term effect on gut microbiota composition and function. Aim: To characterize the active bacterial assemblages in duodenum and faeces in patients with minimal HE (MHE) before, during and after long-term therapy with rifaximin. Methods: We analysed the microbiota composition in 5 patients with liver cirrhosis and MHE treated either with rifaximin 550 mg bid alone continuously for a period of 3 months or combined with lactulose 30–60 mL daily for 3 months. In addition to clinical assessments of HE, biopsies from duodenum and stool samples were analysed for their specific bacterial community applying NGS after RNA isolation before treatment, after 3 months of treatment and 3 months after the end of treatment. Results: All 5 patients had a significant improvement of their MHE. Bacterial communities were different and distinct in duodenal samples and faeces. No statistically significant changes were found in the bacterial community profile at the different time points. Conclusion: Rifaximin therapy with and without lactulose over a period of 3 months does not affect the bacterial community composition. The improvement of HE with rifaximin is lasting also after the end of treatment and therefore a prolonged effect on microbiota metabolic function is suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

Schulz

Schütte

Vílchez-Vargas

et al. 2018

Dig Dis

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“…Staphylococcus spp.) in vivo have been raised [40,41]. On the other hand, it has been reported that the development of bacterial resistance to rifaximin appears to occur with a low frequency in vitro [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation On The Etiology Of Subclinical Mastitis In Jersey And Hybrid Jersey Dairy Cows

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy Jersey cows with the use of bacteriological and molecular identifi cation methods. In the study 121 Jersey and 78 hybrid Jersey cows with SCM were observed in the Samsun district of Turkey. A total of 411 California mastitis test (CMT) positive milk samples from these animals were examined bacteriologically. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 54.75% and 67.2% in Jerseys and hybrids, respectively. On bacteriological examination, a total of 92 strains were isolated from 411 milk samples. The most prevalent bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (69.56%). Among them 24 isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (26.08%) the other isolates were Streptococcus dysgalactiae (23.91%), Enterococcus spp. (3.26%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (3.26%). All strains were identifi ed with bacteriological culture methods, as well as by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Gram-negative bacteria were not isolated. In conclusion, the etiology of SCM in full blood and hybrid Jersey dairy cows in Samsun and the prevalence of bacteria were determined. The relatively high prevalence of SCM indicates the potential need for the consideration of some factors contributing to the formation of mastitis (e.g. management) as well as bacterial agents. The present study and further studies may be useful to develop mastitis vaccines by means of providing true vaccine strain sources.

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“…However, the ecological impact of antibiotics on GI flora might be lower than we expected. For example, Kim et al [21] found that a 10-day course of rifaximin had a modest but significant effect on stool Coliforms and Staphylococcal spp. However, these counts quickly recovered within 3 days after cessation of therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer

Lin¹,

Zhou²,

Xiao³

et al. 2016

JGLD

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Background: Recent reports have indicated that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) might have an effect on gastrointestinal flora; moreover, gastric commensual bacteria have been observed in the development of duodenal ulcer (DU). Aims: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on gastrointestinal flora in DU patients. Methods: A case-control study was performed at Jiangsu Shengze Hospital between December, 2013 and April, 2014. The patients received antibiotic eradication therapy if H. pylori testing was positive. At least four weeks after cessation of the eradication therapy, a repeat gastroscopy was performed to collect biopsies again in the same position. Gastric mucosa samples and feces specimens were collected to extract bacteria DNA and then to quantify by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: After the eradication of H. pylori, an increase of Lactobacillus group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Enterobacteria and a decrease of Clostridium coccoides subgroup were found in the antrum. In the corpus, the number of bacteria in the Lactobacillus group was increased and the expression of Clostridium coccoides subgroup was significantly down-regulated. In the feces samples, only the number in the Lactobacillus group was increased. Moreover, the distribution was significantly different between female and the male patients. Conclusions: The presence of H. pylori in the stomach suppressed the colonization with Lactobacillus group, Clostridium leptum subgroup and Enterobacteria. Gender might affect the distribution and/or recolonization of the bacteria in DU patients. Abbreviations: DU: duodenal ulcer; GI: gastrointestinal; GIN: gastrointestinal neoplasia; GU: gastric ulcer; PPI: proton pump inhibitors; UBT: urea breath test.

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The Effect of Rifaximin on Gut Flora and Staphylococcus Resistance

Abstract: Staphylococcal spp. fail to demonstrate resistance to rifampicin after rifaximin. The transient reductions in stool coliform counts recover while rifaximin appears to produce durable reductions in duodenal bacteria.

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

Investigation On The Etiology Of Subclinical Mastitis In Jersey And Hybrid Jersey Dairy Cows

The Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer

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