The effect of sigma phases formation depending on Cr/Ni equivalent ratio in AISI 316L weldments

Kim, Y.H.; Lee, D.J.; Byun, J.C.; Jung, Kwang Hyo; Kim, J.I.; Lee, H.J.; Shin, Yu-Seon; Kim, S.H.; Lee, H.W.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2010.06.044

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ma et al [12] have pointed out that the decreased cooling rate can accelerate the transformation from δ ferrite to austenite, leading to the reduction of residual δ ferrite fraction. Kim et al [13] have investigated that when the weld metal of 316L stainless steel heat treatment is at 650 °C~950 °C, the δ ferrite content increases significantly with the increasing time and the temperature of heat treatment. Li et al [14] have analyzed that when SAVE12 steel anneals at 1050 °C~1100 °C, δ ferrite will be re-dissolved in the single-phase austenite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of multiple-layer laser cladding coating of 308L stainless steel

Liu

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

130

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of multiple-layer laser cladding coating of 308L stainless steel

Liu

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

130

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“…They also demonstrated that change in welding parameters affected the amount and location of sigma. Brózda and Madej [15] and Kim and et al [16] found that presence of sigma phase in austenitic steel welded joints is the main reason of cracking with its effect of embrittlement. Formation of sigma phase in 304 L stainless steels was dramatically reduced by modifying the tool design [17].…”

Section: Fig 2:-microstructural Regions Of Friction Stir Welding (Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding of Stainless Steels – Review.

Rajasekhar¹

2016

IJAR

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After development of tungsten alloys and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, lot of progress is made in FSW of stainless steel. Although some issues remain to be solved, satisfactory welds are produced and weld properties are found suitable for the intended applications. This paper summarizes the progress of research work on Friction stir welding of different types of stainless steels. It covers the research made in the selection of suitable tool materials, optimizing the process parameters such as tool travel speed, rotational speed, tilt angle etc. The influence of Friction stir welding on microstructure and mechanical properties of welds has also been reviewed. Fusion welding involves use of filler materials, shielding gases, and development of high energy density which results wider heat affected zone. The weldments show appreciable modification in the microstructure and properties of weld and heat affected zones, which may result solidification defects like distortion, , lack of penetration, poor fusion, cracks etc. Use of plasma arc and laser beam welding techniques can produce sound welds of thicker materials with narrow heat affected zone [2], however these techniques are not suitable for certain materials such as aluminium, magnesium etc.The drawbacks in the fusion welding techniques can some extent addressed by solid state welding techniques (e.g. resistance welding, friction welding) in which welding takes place at a temperature lower than the melting point of base metals and also no filler material and / or shielding gases are required. In resistance welding coalescence occurs due to heat generated by contact resistance and applied pressure and hence, it is not suitable for materials having high electrical conductivity (e.g. aluminium, copper). Friction welding employs frictional heat generated when a moving workpiece and a fixed component are forced together in order to obtain the required heat and temperature for weld. However, the application of friction welding is limited by the geometry of the workpieces to be joined.The above difficulties can successfully overcome by friction stir welding (FSW), a solid state welding process which was developed by the welding institute (TWI) [3] primarily for welding of aluminium and magnesium based alloys. The major advantages of FSW over other welding processes are lower distortion, good dimensional stability, absence of cracking etc.

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“…This fact is expectable since fast cooling in welding does not last enough time to complete transformation of ferrite (δ) to austenite (γ) (FA solidification). According to Lee et al 33 and Kim et al 34 , the solidification mode of austenite stainless steel could be predicted by Schaeffler equation. From Table 2, Cr/Ni equivalent ratio of 316L stainless steel in our study was 1.6, which indicated the formation of FA mode during solidification 10 .…”

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Flux Cored arc Welding Process Parameters on Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Claddings

et al. 2020

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Cladding process can be used to create corrosion resistant surfaces from low cost materials. Austenitic stainless steel has been extensively used for weld cladding. It has excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability. In this context, experiments were conducted by depositing AWS E316LT1-1/4 stainless steel on to AISI 1020 carbon steel and the effects of flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process parameters on pitting and intergranular corrosion was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CDD) was used to predict and develop the mathematical models for process parameters on corrosion resistance. The responses of interest were obtained by double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DLEPR) and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The process parameters analyzed were the wire feed rate, welding voltage, welding speed and nozzle to plate distance. All RSM models developed were statistically significant and presented good adjustments. The results indicated that the process parameters are important in determining the degree of sensitization and pitting potential, and the interaction between parameters cannot be neglected.

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The effect of sigma phases formation depending on Cr/Ni equivalent ratio in AISI 316L weldments

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of multiple-layer laser cladding coating of 308L stainless steel

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of multiple-layer laser cladding coating of 308L stainless steel

Friction Stir Welding of Stainless Steels – Review.

Effect of Flux Cored arc Welding Process Parameters on Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Claddings

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