“…The consensus is that BIMH can react with surface oxides on metals to form a metal-azole complex [11,12]. Although a few researchers realized that azole might react with copper metal [13,14], the detailed chemistry, such as the conditions under which the reactions may take place, the structures of the products and by-products, and the reaction scheme, has not yet been revealed. We found that imidazole solution can react with a chemically cleaned surface of copper, silver, and nickel in the presence of oxygen; and the reaction scheme has been proposed in our early reports [3,4].…”