The Effect of Testosterone on the Formation of Brain Structures

Filová, Barbora; Ostatníková, Daniela; Celec, Peter; Hodosy, Július

doi:10.1159/000345567

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Men with SZ show a less pronounced activation of the middle frontal gyrus when inhibiting a response to negative stimuli; this response is inversely related to testosterone levels, contrary to what is observed in healthy subjects . Testosterone significantly affects brain development, particularly targeting the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus and impacting aspects of memory consolidation [Filová et al, 2013].…”

Section: Other Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and Human Self-Domestication: An Evolutionary Linguistics Approach

et al. 2017

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Schizophrenia (SZ) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that entails social and cognitive deficits, including marked language problems. Its complex multifactorial etiopathogenesis, including genetic and environmental factors, is still widely uncertain. SZ incidence has always been high and quite stable in human populations, across time and regardless of cultural implications, for unclear reasons. It has been hypothesized that SZ pathophysiology may involve the biological components that changed during the recent human evolutionary history, and led to our distinctive mode of cognition, which includes language skills. In this paper we explore this hypothesis, focusing on the self-domestication of the human species. This has been claimed to account for many human-specific distinctive traits, including aspects of our behavior and cognition, and to favor the emergence of complex languages through cultural evolution. The “domestication syndrome” in mammals comprises the constellation of traits exhibited by domesticated strains, seemingly resulting from the hypofunction of the neural crest. It is our intention to show that people with SZ exhibit more marked domesticated traits at the morphological, physiological, and behavioral levels. We also show that genes involved in domestication and neural crest development and function comprise nearly 20% of SZ candidates, most of which exhibit altered expression profiles in the brain of SZ patients, specifically in areas involved in language processing. Based on these observations, we conclude that SZ may represent an abnormal ontogenetic itinerary for the human faculty of language, resulting, at least in part, from changes in genes important for the domestication syndrome and primarily involving the neural crest.

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Section: Other Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and Human Self-Domestication: An Evolutionary Linguistics Approach

et al. 2017

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“…Steroids affect neurons, glial cells, sexually dimorphic nuclei, and soma size in various brain regions, including the amygdala and hippocampus [18] . [19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of testosterone and estradiol on anxiety and depressive-like behavior via a non-genomic pathway

et al. 2015

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Besides their known slow genomic effects, testosterone and estradiol have rapid effects in the brain. However, their impact on mood-related behavior is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-genomic pathway of testosterone and estradiol in the amygdala in relation to anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Sham-operated and gonadectomized male rats (GDX) supplemented with testosterone propionate, estradiol, or olive oil were used. Five minutes after administration, anxiety and depression-like behavior were tested. Estradiol increased anxiolytic behavior in the open-field test compared to the GDX group, but administration of testosterone had no significant effect. Besides, c-Fos expression in the medial nucleus of the amygdala significantly increased after testosterone treatment compared to the GDX group, while no significant difference was observed in the central and the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala in the testosterone-treated group compared to the GDX group. In conclusion, estradiol had an anxiolytic effect via a rapid pathway, but no rapid effect of testosterone on anxiety was found. Further studies elucidating whether the rapid effect is mediated by a non-genomic pathway are needed.

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“…Several studies have shown that testosterone replacement exerted beneficial effects on brain function, including the prevention of neuronal cell death, the balancing of brain oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, improvement of synaptic plasticity and the involvement of cognitive formation in animal models (Janowsky 2006, Meydan et al 2010, Filova et al 2013. Interestingly, growing evidence demonstrated that testosterone deficiency is associated with obese insulinresistance in men (Haffner et al 1994, Stellato et al 2000, Grossmann et al 2008, Shi et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor improves brain insulin sensitivity, but fails to prevent cognitive impairment in orchiectomy obese rats

Pintana¹,

Pongkan²,

Pratchayasakul³

et al. 2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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It is unclear whether the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor can counteract brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive decline in testosterone-deprived obese rats. We hypothesized that DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves cognitive function in testosterone-deprived obese rats by restoring brain insulin sensitivity, brain mitochondrial function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Thirty male Wistar rats received either a sham-operated (S, nZ6) or bilateral orchiectomy (ORX, nZ24). ORX rats were divided into two groups and fed with either a normal diet (ND (NDO)) or a high-fat diet (HFO) for 12 weeks. Then, ORX rats in each dietary group were divided into two subgroups (nZ6/subgroup) to receive either a vehicle or vildagliptin (3 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 4 weeks. After treatment, cognitive function, metabolic parameters, brain insulin sensitivity, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and brain mitochondrial function were determined in each rat. We found that HFO rats exhibited peripheral and brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive decline. NDO rats did not develop peripheral and brain insulin resistance. However, impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive decline occurred. Vildagliptin significantly improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, restored brain insulin sensitivity and decreased brain mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in HFO rats. However, vildagliptin did not restore hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in both NDO and HFO rats. These findings suggest that vildagliptin could not counteract the impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive decline in testosterone-deprived subjects, despite its effects on improved peripheral and brain insulin sensitivity as well as brain mitochondrial function.

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The Effect of Testosterone on the Formation of Brain Structures

Cited by 49 publications

References 151 publications

Schizophrenia and Human Self-Domestication: An Evolutionary Linguistics Approach

Schizophrenia and Human Self-Domestication: An Evolutionary Linguistics Approach

Effects of testosterone and estradiol on anxiety and depressive-like behavior via a non-genomic pathway

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor improves brain insulin sensitivity, but fails to prevent cognitive impairment in orchiectomy obese rats

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