The Effect of the Physical Factors of Parents and Children on Stunting at Birth Among Newborns in Indonesia

Abstract

Objectives: This study examined stunting at birth and its associations with physical factors of parents and children in Indonesia.Methods: This study analyzed secondary data from the national cross-sectional Indonesian Basic Health Survey 2018, conducted across 34 provinces and 514 districts/cities. Birth length data were available for 756 newborns. Univariable, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the physical factors of parents and children and stunting at birth.Results: In total, 10.2% of children aged 0 months were stunted at birth (10.7% of males and 9.5% of females). Stunting at birth was associated with the mother’s age at first pregnancy, parity, parents’ heights, parents’ ages, and gestational age. Children from mothers with short statures (height <145.0 cm) and fathers with short statures (height <161.9 cm) had an almost 6 times higher likelihood of being stunted at birth (adjusted odds ratio, 5.93; 95% confidence interval, 5.53 to 6.36). A higher maternal age at first pregnancy had a protective effect against stunting. However, other variables (firstborn child, preterm birth, and both parents’ ages being <20 or >35 years) corresponded to a 2-fold higher likelihood of stunting at birth compared to the reference.Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that interventions to reduce stunting aimed at pregnant females should also consider the parents’ stature, age, and parity, particularly if it is the first pregnancy and if the parents are short in stature or young. Robust programs to support pregnant females and monitor children’s heights from birth will help prevent intergenerational stunting.

The Association Of Adolescent Pregnancy With Stunting Incidence In Child Under Five Years Old; Literatur Review

“…Children whose parents are both < 20 years old are twice as likely to be stunted at birth. Women who gave birth for the first time at the age of less than 27 years had lower levels of maturity (Finlay, Özaltin, & Canning, 2011) Mothers whose first pregnancy was in the 27-29 year age range were more likely to live in better sanitary conditions, have higher levels of education, have higher socioeconomic status, have a partner, and live in urban areas (Sari & Sartika, 2021).…”

Determinants of Incident Stunting in Elementary School Children in Endemic Area Iodine Deficiency Disorders Enrekang Regency

“…A study suggested that the father's height can affect a newborn's likelihood of inheriting a gene that affects bone growth throughout pregnancy, while the mother's height can affect a newborn's likelihood of inheriting a gene that affects bone growth at a later period during pregnancy [9]. Mother's height genetically affects child growth [6].…”

Hubungan Usia Ibu Saat Hamil dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Kabupaten Tangerang

“…Risiko kehamilan akan terjadi pada ibu yang melahirkan dengan usia kurang dari 20 tahun dan lebih dari 35 tahun erat kaitannya dengan terjadinya preeclampsia, pertumbuhan janin yang buruk. Ini menunjukkan bahwa usia ibu pada kehamilan dapat mengakibatkan hasil kelahiran yang buruk yang menghambat pertumbuhan potensial anak (Sari and Sartika, 2021).…”

“…Studi terhadap 55 negara menunjukkan bahwa meningkatkan usia pada kehamilan pertama menjadi 27-29 dapat menurunkan angka kematian bayi dan hasil kesehatan anak yang merugikan (Stunting, kurus, anemia, diare). Ibu yang kehamilan pertamanya berada dalam kisaran usia 27-29 (kelahiran pertama tertunda) lebih cenderung hidup dalam kondisi sanitasi yang lebih baik, memiliki tingkat pendidikan tinggi, memiliki status sosial ekonomi yang lebih tinggi, memiliki pasangan, dan tinggal di daerah perkotaan (Sari and Sartika, 2021).…”