The effect of vitamin D on restless legs syndrome: prospective self-controlled case study

Tutuncu, Mesude; Tütüncü, Melih

doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01984-3

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This preliminary study revealed that drug supplementation with VitD could ameliorate the severity of RLS symptoms. Tutuncu et al ( 7 ) conducted a prospective self-controlled case study to treat 21 patients with RLS with insufficient VitD levels by taking 50,000 units of VitD supplements per week for 2 months. After 2 months, the patients had normal VitD levels, and some of the IRLSSG scores were also improved, including the severity of symptoms ( P < 0.001), the impact on sleep ( P < 0.001), the assessment of symptoms ( P = 0.002), and the assessment of the impact of disease on life ( P < 0.001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Serum Vitamin D Level and Related Factors in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome

et al. 2021

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Objective: This study aimed to detect serum vitamin D (VitD) levels in patients with primary restless legs syndrome (RLS). The further objective was to analyze the relationship of VitD levels with the severity of RLS symptoms, sleep, anxiety, and depression.Methods: The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of 57 patients with primary RLS and the healthy physical examinees in our hospital during the same period were detected. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) rating scale for measuring RLS severity and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Scale, 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD24), and 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA14) were used to assess the severity of symptoms, sleep, and emotional state of patients with RLS. Based on VitD level and IRLSSG score, they were grouped for analysis.Results: The serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in patients with RLS than in healthy controls, and the incidence of insufficient serum VitD levels was significantly higher in patients with RLS than in healthy people (both P < 0.05). The serum VitD level was significantly lower in (extremely) severe patients with RLS than in mild to moderate patients with RLS (P < 0.05). The IRLSSG scale score and HAMD24 score were significantly higher in patients with RLS with insufficient serum VitD levels than those with normal serum VitD levels (both P < 0.05). Correlation analysis of IRLSSG scale score with serum VitD level and each scale score in patients with RLS showed that IRLSSG scale score was negatively correlated with VitD level, but positively correlated with PSQI, HAMA14, and HAMD24 scores. The results of correlation analysis between serum VitD levels and each scale score in patients with RLS indicated that serum VitD levels were negatively correlated with IRLSSG scale scores, PSQI scores, and HAMD24 scores.Conclusion: The serum VitD level is generally lower in patients with RLS than in healthy people, and lower serum VitD level is associated with more severe symptoms of RLS, worse quality of sleep, and worse depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Serum Vitamin D Level and Related Factors in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome

et al. 2021

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“…In patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for RLS, it is important first to determine whether the syndrome is primary or secondary. In the latter case, risk factors such as iron deficiency [ 58 , 59 ] and vitamin D deficiency [ 66 ] must be actively treated. For primary RLS, the initial treatment choice is important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamins C (200 mg) and E (400 mg) were used to treat uremic patients with RLS a randomized, controlled study RLS [ 65 ]. In another report of 21 RLS patients with vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation improved RLS symptoms [ 66 ]; and in an open-label randomized study comparing the efficacy of clonazepam (0.5 mg) and nortriptyline (25 mg) in women with RLS, both drugs resulted in clinical improvement, with the latter showing greater benefits [ 67 ]. Benzodiazepines, as a group of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic sedative-hypnotic agents, are also used for treating RLS to improve the sleep quality, alleviate periodic leg movements in sleep [ 68 ] and reduce RLS-related anxiety [ 69 ].…”

Section: Nondopaminergic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacologic Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome

Wang

Asakawa

et al. 2021

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: Restless legs syndrome (RLS)/Willis-Ekbom disease is a neurologic disorder characterized by a strong desire to move when at rest (usually in the evening) and paraesthesia in their lower legs. The most widely used therapies for first-line treatment of RLS are dopaminergic drugs; however, their long-term use can lead to augmentation. α2δ Ligands, opioids, iron, glutamatergic drugs, adenosine, and sleep aids have been investigated as alternatives. The pathogenesis of RLS is not well understood. Despite the efficacy of dopaminergic drugs in the treatment of this disorder, unlike in Parkinson’s disease dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra has not been observed in RLS. The etiology of RLS is likely complex, involving multiple neural pathways. RLS-related genes identified in genome-wide association studies can provide insight into the mechanistic basis and pathophysiology of RLS. Here we review the current treatments and knowledge of the mechanisms underlying RLS.

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“…Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the comorbid mechanism of migraine and RLS, aiming to reduce the occurrence of this comorbidity and improve the quality of life of patients. At present, there have been many reports on the respective relationship of vitamin D level with migraine (10)(11)(12) and RLS (15)(16)(17)25), but the comorbid mechanism of migraine and RLS remains unclear. Therefore, we speculate that vitamin D level is related to the mechanism of this comorbidity and conduct related research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, there have been many reports on the respective relationship of vitamin D level with migraine ( 10 – 12 ) and RLS ( 15 – 17 , 25 ), but the comorbid mechanism of migraine and RLS remains unclear. Therefore, we speculate that vitamin D level is related to the mechanism of this comorbidity and conduct related research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Migraine Complicated With Restless Legs Syndrome and Vitamin D

et al. 2021

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with migraine and explore its association with vitamin D deficiency, aiming to provide biological support for the comorbidity of migraine with RLS, and shed new lights into clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: A case-control study was performed on 175 migraine patients and 151 non-headache controls. The information of all subjects concerning headache severity [visual analog scale (VAS) score], RLS, RLS severity [International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) score], sleep quality [Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)], anxiety and depression symptoms [hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)], and demographic data were collected. At the same time, serum 25-(OH) D levels were also measured (concentration <20 ng/ml was defined deficiency). Afterward, the logistic regression model was adopted to explore the risk factors for RLS in patients with migraines.Results: Compared with control group, migraine group had lower vitamin D levels [(21.10 ± 6.58) vs. (16.42 ± 5.6) ng/ml, P < 0.001], a higher rate of vitamin D deficiency (45.03 vs. 72%, P <0001), higher prevalence of RLS (6.62 vs. 22.29%, P < 0.001). Compared with the pure RLS group, RLS with the migraine group had lower vitamin D levels and higher IRLS score (P < 0.05). Compared with pure migraine group, migraine with RLS group had lower vitamin D levels [(17.36 ± 5.56) vs. (13.15 ± 4.42) ng/ml, P < 0.001], higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency (66.18 vs. 92.31%, P = 0.001), higher frequency of headache attacks (P = 0.004). Thereafter, the multivariate logistic regression model was employed to adjust confounding factors such as age, gender, season, frequency of headache attacks, PSQI score, and HADS scores. According to the results vitamin D deficiency in patients with migraines was an independent risk factor for RLS (OR = 5.03, 95%CI: 1.2–21.16, P = 0.027).Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS in migraine patients was significantly higher than that in the non-headache population. Besides, vitamin D levels decreased, while the incidence of vitamin D deficiency increased in the migraine patients complicated with RLS. Finally, the occurrence of RLS in migraine patients was significantly related to vitamin D deficiency.

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The effect of vitamin D on restless legs syndrome: prospective self-controlled case study

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Analysis of Serum Vitamin D Level and Related Factors in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome

Analysis of Serum Vitamin D Level and Related Factors in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome

Pharmacologic Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome

Association Between Migraine Complicated With Restless Legs Syndrome and Vitamin D

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