The effects of a new low-dose combined oral contraceptive containing levonorgestrel on ovarian activity

Teichmann, A; Martens, Herman H.; Bordasch, Ch.; Petersen, G.; Lorkowski, G

doi:10.3109/13625189609150666

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…17,25,27,28,35 COCs containing 15-20 µ µg EE Table 2 shows the studies that have been conducted with COCs containing 15-20 µg EE. 17,23,24,26,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Overall, 12 out of 1030 (1.1%) subjects were found to have ovulated. Differences between the various types of COCs were observed, with the ovulation incidence ranging from 0.0% to 8.6%.…”

Section: Cocs Containing 30-35 µ µG Eementioning

confidence: 99%

“…52 Finally, several studies did not measure progesterone at all and relied solely on ultrasound 24,26 whilst others did not predefine the progesterone level indicative of ovulation 46,48,49,52 or did not perform measurements during the critical days for escape ovulation. 17,[40][41][42]51,54 Phasic COCs Table 3 shows the studies performed with triphasic (Tri) or biphasic (Bi) COCs. 8,17,18,23,28,32,33,42,43,49,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] Overall, 21 out of 460 (4.6%) subjects were found to have ovulated.…”

Section: 0mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ovulation incidence with oral contraceptives: a literature review

Milsom¹,

Korver²

2008

j fam plann reprod health care

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Background and methodology Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) provide reliable and convenient contraception, although contraindications and tolerability issues may limit their use in some women. Progestogenonly pills (POPs) may be more suitable for some women, however, traditional POPs do not have the same contraceptive efficacy as COCs. A literature search was performed in order to assess the incidence of ovulation with IntroductionOral contraceptives are the most common means of contraception in many countries and it is estimated that as many as 100 million women worldwide currently rely on this method. Approximately half of all married women in Western Europe use the oral contraceptive pill (i.e. three in every five contraceptive users) and, in the USA, they have been used by 80% of all women born since 1945. [1][2][3][4] Their widespread use warrants continuing efforts to improve and refine oral contraceptive methods.The first oral contraceptive pill became available in 1960 and consisted of 150 µg mestranol plus 9.85 mg norethynodrel. These doses were much higher for both the estrogenic component and the progestogenic component compared to modern low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs). COCs provide highly reliable and convenient contraception, which is safe and well tolerated by many women. A number of side effects predominantly attributed to estrogen, such as nausea, headache, breasttenderness and bloating, can, however, make them unacceptable to some women. These problems have been addressed to some extent by lowering the doses of both estrogen and progestogen.Estrogen-free contraception appeared in the early 1970s when the traditional progestogen-only pills (POPs) were developed in response to reports of the effects of estrogen on thromboembolic disease. As well as lacking the estrogen Results Many of the studies were hampered by inadequate ovulation criteria; however, the overall incidence of ovulation determined by the reports uncovered in the literature search was 2.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.3] with COCs containing 30-35 µg ethinylestradiol (EE), 1.1% (95% CI 0.60-2.0) with 15-20 µg EE COCs, 4.6% (95% CI 2.8-6.9) with phasic COCs, 1.25% (95% CI 0.03-6.8) with Cerazette and 42.6% (95% CI 33.4-52.2) with traditional POPs. ConclusionsThe findings indicate that COCs and the desogestrel POP are equally effective in suppressing ovulation, whilst the traditional POP formulations are less effective.

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Section: Cocs Containing 30-35 µ µG Eementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovulation incidence with oral contraceptives: a literature review

Milsom¹,

Korver²

2008

j fam plann reprod health care

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“…Coney confirma el aumento sucesivo de los diáme-tros foliculares durante los ciclos de tratamiento. En otros trabajos también se ha corroborado la tendencia al aumento de la actividad hormonal folicular en segundo y tercer ciclo de tratamiento (15). Una primera conclusión es que el efecto de los ACO de bajas dosis varía durante el tiempo de exposición y que al revés de lo que pudiera suponerse en el sentido de que a más tiempo de exposición mayor inhibición del eje, esto no sucede así en la práctica.…”

Section: Discusionunclassified

Mecanismo De Accion De Anticonceptivos Orales: ¿cumplen Los Aco De Bajas Dosis Con El Objetivo De Inhibir La Ovulacion?

C.¹,

Preisler²,

Poli³

2002

Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol.

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RESUMENLa inhibición de la ovulación es el principal mecanismo o efecto buscando en los casos de utilización terapéutica o contraceptiva de los anticonceptivos orales (ACO). Los mecanismos de acción secundarios postfertilización tienen reparos éticos para aquellas pacientes que consideran la concepción como el comienzo del desarrollo de la persona humana. Quisimos saber en qué medida se inhibe la ovulación mediante la administración de ACO de bajas dosis, como primera aproximación al problema ético planteado por los efectos postfertilización y para analizar la eficacia terapéutica de los anticonceptivos orales. Se revisa la literatura entre los años 1985 y 2001 y se seleccionan tres trabajos comparables entre sí de los cuales se desprenden los resultados. En un período de seguimiento de tres meses, las mujeres que ingieren en forma adecuada ACO monofásicos combinados de bajas dosis que contienen 20 µg de etinilestradiol, presentan ovulación demostrada hormonal y ecográficamente en 2,35% a 8,3% de las mujeres. Existe una tendencia al aumento de la actividad ovárica y de los diámetros foliculares a medida que transcurre el tiempo de observación. Si el objetivo terapéutico es la anovulación, estas cifras permiten considerar los ACO como terapias adecuadas. Frente a la utilización individual de los ACO en contracepción, las cifras expuestas permitirán abordar en qué medida actúan los mecanismos secundarios y así considerar parámetros más objetivos en el análisis de los aspectos éticos a evaluar por el médico y la paciente. PALABRAS CLAVES: Anticonceptivos de bajas dosis SUMMARYOral contraceptives (OCs) may be used for therapeutic or family planning purposes. Inhibition of ovulation is the main mechanism implicated in both instances, though post-fertilization effects described as secondary mechanism in effective contraception are ethically unacceptable for some patients who identify the start of human person at fertilization. Our concern was to establish the anovulatory power of low dose OCs in attempting to answer the ethical question and secondarily to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy. Literature search of articles published from 1985 through december 2001 using Medline concluded with 15 articles (meaningful to this theme) who met inclusion criteria: low dose monophasic preparation containing 0.20 mg ethinylestradiol, ovulation assessed by means of hormonal and transvaginal ultrasound monitoring and the trial carried out over a period of at least three treatment cycles. Three studies are analized. We conclude that in 2.35% to 8% of women, ovulation was confirmed.This results indicate that low-dose

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