The Effects of an Exercise Program on Anthropometric, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese Children

Abstract

Background and ObjectivesObesity is a chronic disease that requires good eating habits and an active life style. Obesity may start in childhood and continue until adulthood. Severely obese children have complications such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of exercise programs on anthropometric, metabolic, and cardiovascular parameters in obese children.Subjects and MethodsFifty four obese children were included. Anthropometric data such as blood pressures, body mass index (BMI) and obesity index (OI) were measured. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high sensitive-CRP (hs-CRP), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI) were measured. Physical fitness measurements were done. Obese children were divided into three groups: an aerobic exercise group (n=16), a combined exercise group (n=20), and a control group (n=18). Obese children exercised in each program for 10 weeks while those in the control group maintained their former lifestyle. After 10 weeks, anthropometric data and cardiovascular parameters were compared with the data obtained before the exercise program.ResultsLDL-C, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the aerobic exercise group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Waist circumference and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the combined exercise group compared to controls (p<0.05). Physical fitness level increased significantly after the exercise programs (p<0.05 vs. control). PWV did not show a significant change after exercise.ConclusionA short-term exercise program can play an important role in decreasing BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference, LDL-C and in improving physical fitness. Future investigations are now necessary to clarify the effectiveness of exercise on various parameters.

Effects of Endurance and Circuit Resistance Trainings on Lipid Profile, Heart Rate, and Hematological Parameters in Obese Male Students

“…This is consistent with (12,(15)(16)(17). Ravasi et al (2003) studied the impact of breath control exercises on peak aerobic power (Vo2max), resting heart rate, and erythropoietin in male physical education students.…”

“…Dashti (2011) studied the effect of selective exercise on body composition and heart rate in male students aged 11-13 and observed that 8 weeks of exercise was associated with a significant reduction in resting heart rate (12). Lee et al (2010) studied the effect of exercise on physical characteristics, metabolic condition, and cardiovascular parameters in obese children and the results showed that heart rate significantly decreased after the exercise compared with the control group (15). The results of the present study are inconsistent with the findings of Khashef (2002) who studied the effect of one session of strenuous physical activity and active and passive recovery on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in young men and showed that resting heart rate significantly increased after exercise in all groups (14).…”

“…Heart rate is one of the most important indicators of health and physical fitness in many sports. Several studies conducted on the impact of exercise on heart rate (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) have shown that regular exercise reduces the resting heart rate. Dashti (2011) reported that 8 weeks of selective endurance exercise decreased the resting heart rate (12).…”

Efeito de um programa de intervenção motora sobre o desenvolvimento motor de crianças em situação de risco social na região do Cariri-Ceará

“…Neste sentido é preciso destacar que embora a aquisição das habilidades motoras fundamentais, em seu padrão maduro, esteja relacionada à idade, ela não depende exclusivamente disso OZMUN, 2005). É consenso na literatura do desenvolvimento motor que as habilidades motoras fundamentais são pré-requisitos para que a criança se envolva posteriormente em habilidades motoras específicas do esporte, danças e lutas, trazendo sérias consequências sobre um estilo de vida fisicamente mais ativo (GOODWAY; ROBINSON; CROWE, 2010), atuando na prevenção de doenças hipocinéticas (LEE et al, 2010) e aceitação social (ALMEIDA; VALENTINI; BERLEZE, 2009). Entretanto, práticas motoras tais como jogos, lutas, esportes e danças, apesar de serem mais prazerosas e promoverem tais benefícios, requerem um considerável nível de proficiência motora.…”

Efeito do treinamento concorrente e destreinamento sobre o biomarcador anti-inflamatório e níveis de condicionamento físico em crianças obesas

“…Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods in our lives, since dramatic physiological and psychological changes take place in those years 25 . Many studies were conducted with obese children [26][27][28][29] ; these studies reveal that physical training programs improve physical fitness and health status.…”