The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease

Abstract

Background: The present research aimed to analyze the impacts of magnesium and zinc supplement on the metabolic level in the patients suffering from CHD (coronary heart disease) and T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus). Methods: According to the research design, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial has been implemented on 55 women suffering from CHD and T2DM. Therefore, the participants have been randomly divided into 2 groups for taking placebo (n = 28) or 250 mg magnesium oxide plus 220 mg zinc sulfate (n =27) or for 12 weeks. Results: Magnesium and zinc considerably declined the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β -9.44 mg/dL, 95% CI, -18.30, -0.57; P = 0.03) and levels of insulin (β -1.37 µIU/mL, 95% CI, -2.57, -0.18; P = 0.02). Moreover, levels of HDL-cholesterol have been remarkably enhanced (β 2.09 mg/dL, 95% CI, 0.05, 4.13; P = 0.04) in comparison to the placebo. There have been an association between magnesium and zinc intake and a considerable decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) (β -0.85 mg/L, 95% CI, -1.26, -0.45; P < 0.001), a considerable enhancement in the total nitrite (β 5.13 µmol/L, 95% CI, 1.85, 8.41; P = 0.003), and total anti-oxidant capacities (TAC) (β 43.44 mmol/L, 95% CI, 3.39, 83.50; P=0.03) in comparison to the placebo. Furthermore, magnesium and zinc remarkably reduced the Beck Depression Inventory index (BDI) (β -1.66; 95% CI, -3.32, -0.009; P = 0.04) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (β -1.30; 95% CI, -2.43, -0.16; P=0.02) in comparison to the placebo. Conclusions: In patients with T2DM and CVD the 12-week intake of magnesium and zinc affected FPG, HDL-cholesterol, CRP, insulin, NO, TAC levels, and BDI and BAI score usefully. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20130211012438N31 at 11 May 2019 of registration. This study retrospectively registered.

Analysis of Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease and Its Correlation with Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The risk of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients is about 2 to 4 times higher than that in normal subjects, and the mortality rate is significantly higher than that in nondiabetic patients [1]. Coronary angiography and autopsy studies have confirmed that CHD in patients with T2DM is more serious or more diffuse than that in nondiabetic patients [2]. Studies have revealed that the proportion of hyperglycemia in people with CHD is about 2/3 [3].…”

Physicochemical, Biochemical, Pharmacological Properties of Magnesium

“…After receiving traditional therapy along with zinc and magnesium supplements, the overall condition of the patients improved, and the levels of magnesium, zinc, C-reactive proteins, LDL cholesterol, and markers of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis normalized. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of the prescribed therapy [51][52].…”

Serum Zinc Ion Concentration Associated with Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In Table 1, (1) the purpose of the study is clearly given; (2) the consistency of the included patients; (3) the collection of expected data; (4) the endpoint indicators appropriately reflect the purpose of the research; (5) the objectivity of the evaluation of the endpoint indicators; (6) whether the follow-up time is sufficient; (7) the loss to follow-up rate is less than 5%; (8) whether the sample size is estimated; (9) whether the selection of the control group is appropriate; (10) whether the control group is synchronized; (11) whether the baselines between the groups are comparable; and (12) whether the statistical analysis is appropriate. Scoring method: 0 point means not reported; 1 point means reported but insufficient information; 2 points mean reported and with sufficient information.…”

“…Changes in the trace element concentration in the body are considered to be the main factor leading to the transition of the human body from a healthy to a diseased state [7][8][9][10]. Trace elements, especially zinc ions, are likely involved in the pathogenesis of CHD [11][12][13]. Zinc is an important element in more than 70 enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.…”