“…Involvement with the purchase can provoke higher concern (uncertainty) arising from substantial monetary outlay (indulgence, long-term orientations) and risk of social non-acceptance (individual-collectivist), which would impact of the overall experience (Parkvithee and Miranda, 2012). Finally, Gevorgyan and Manucharova (2015) identified that collectivistic advertisements triggered a greater number of positive responses amongst Chinese respondents, whereas individualistic appeals enhanced brand attitudes amongst American participants. Yet, analysis of 47,131 online advertisements indicated most firms consistently use individualist appeals, which would contrast with collectivist cultures (Li and colleagues, 2009), as the very nature of "offprice" fashion advertising promotes the individualist narrative, that is, limited stocks, final calls, one-off, and unique (Cervellon et al, 2012;Panchamgam, 2011).…”