The Effects of Curcumin and Vitamin D Combination as Inhibitor Toward Salmonella Typhi Bacteria Growth in Vivo

Abstract

Objectives: The prevalence of typhoid fever was reportedly high, especially in the Asian continent, as many as 80% of cases came from slums inBangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Due to many cases of antibiotic resistance in typhoid fever, various effortshave been made by combining antibiotic therapy or active compounds with adjuvants and herbs. Curcumin is an active compound found in manyherbal plants, especially in the Asian Continent. Curcumin has an antimicrobial effect, presumably due to its ability to bind Vitamin D receptors (VDR)as a potential ligand. This condition increases the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides and eradicates bacteria. Vitamin D will definitelybind to VDR as well; on this basis, this study wants to prove the effect of the combination of curcumin and Vitamin D therapy in inhibiting the growthof Salmonella typhi.Methods: This study is a true experimental pre- and post-test design using colony calculation method to investigate the effectiveness of curcumin andVitamin D in suppressing the growth of S. typhi bacteria in peritoneal fluid male mice strain balb/c. Mice were divided into five groups randomly, namely,the negative control groups, Group I (curcumin 200 mg/BB/day), Group II (curcumin 400 mg/BB/day), and Group III (curcumin 200 mg/BB/day andVitamin D 200 IU/day), and the positive control groups (antibiotic levofloxacin). The intervention was carried out for 5 days. After the 5th day, micewere then maintained for 3 weeks to determine the amount of colony growth in the post-intervention period.Results: The comparison of the results between each group gave significance in the average number of bacterial colonies of intraperitoneal fluid.Each group gave a significant difference of <0.05. Curcumin has an activity as an antimicrobial, the higher the dose, the greater the number of bacteriainhibited growth. After curcumin therapy, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 5 days, a decrease in the number of bacterial colonies in the intraperitonealfluid was found. This study concluded that curcumin has an antimicrobial effect on S. typhi. The groups with combination therapy of Vitamin D andcurcumin intervention also gave the same results.
 Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the combination of curcumin and Vitamin D is able to inhibit the growth of S. typhi bacteria, even upto 30 days after infection.

Studies on Bioavailability Enhancement of Curcumin

“…FTIR spectrum of curcumin exhibited the absorption peaks 3508, 1626, 1601 and 1429, 1272 cm −1 assigned to −OH, C=O, phenol, enol, and C -O-C stretching respectively. The results were found to be concurrent with a reference spectrum of curcumin [25] .…”

“…3. Moreover, the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of the curcumin was not affected by the salt and derivative formation, suggesting the intactness of the necessary structural characteristics required for antibacterial activity [25].…”

The Chemical Composition of Trigona Honey in Bone, South Sulawesi

“…Several herbal products can be used as therapy for infectious and non-infectious diseases, like Curcuma xanthorriza Sygium aromaticum 3 , Musa L.paradisiaca L (MPL) 4 , Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) 5 , Curcuma longa 6 , Miana Leaves (Coleus scutellariodes (L) 7 , Andaliman (Zantoxylum acanthopodium DC) 8 , Curcumin 9 , Sapodilla fruit 10 , Ajwa dates 11 and Thallasia hemprichi grass 12 .…”

In vivo and in vitro inhibition effect of propolis on Klebsiella pneumoniae : A review

“…Numerous studies have examined the use and effects of traditional medicines for various diseases [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ], including the effects of herbal medicines on infectious diseases, such as candidiasis [ [6] , [7] , [8] ], typhoid fever [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] ], toxoplasmosis [ [15] , [16] , [17] ], gingivitis [ 18 , 19 ], vaginitis [ 20 ], and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 21 , 22 ], and noninfectious diseases such as diabetes [ 23 ].…”